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Keywords = Chochen lake

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17 pages, 3731 KB  
Article
Lake Water Depletion Linkages with Seismic Hazards in Sikkim, India: A Case Study on Chochen Lake
by Anil Kumar Misra, Kuldeep Dutta, Rakesh Kumar Ranjan, Nishchal Wanjari and Subash Dhakal
GeoHazards 2025, 6(3), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/geohazards6030042 - 1 Aug 2025
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Abstract
After the 2011 earthquake, lake water depletion has become a widespread issue in Sikkim, especially in regions classified as high to very high seismic zones, where many lakes have turned into seasonal water bodies. This study investigates Chochen Lake in the Barapathing area [...] Read more.
After the 2011 earthquake, lake water depletion has become a widespread issue in Sikkim, especially in regions classified as high to very high seismic zones, where many lakes have turned into seasonal water bodies. This study investigates Chochen Lake in the Barapathing area of Sikkim’s Pakyong district, which is facing severe water seepage and instability. The problem, intensified by the 2011 seismic event and ongoing local construction, is examined through subsurface fracture mapping using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and profiling techniques. A statistical factor method, applied to interpret VES data, helped identify fracture patterns beneath the lake. Results from two sites (VES-1 and VES-2) reveal significant variations in weathered and semi-weathered soil layers, indicating fractures at depths of 17–50 m (VES-1) and 20–55 m (VES-2). Higher fracture density near VES-1 suggests increased settlement risk and ground displacement compared to VES-2. Contrasting resistivity values emphasize the greater instability in this zone and the need for cautious construction practices. The findings highlight the role of seismic-induced fractures in ongoing water depletion and underscore the importance of continuous dewatering to stabilize the swampy terrain. Full article
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