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Keywords = Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2

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14 pages, 4551 KiB  
Article
Primate Simplexviruses Differ in Tropism for Macaque Cells
by Heike Hofmann-Winkler, Abdul Rahman Siregar, Nesil Esiyok, Ignacio Rodríguez-Polo, Sabine Gärtner, Rüdiger Behr, Stefan Pöhlmann and Michael Winkler
Microorganisms 2023, 11(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010026 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2904
Abstract
Primate simplexviruses are closely related neurotropic herpesviruses, which are largely apathogenic in their respective host species. However, cross-species transmission of Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (McHV1, also termed herpes B virus) from rhesus macaques to humans can cause fatal encephalomyelitis. In contrast, closely related viruses, [...] Read more.
Primate simplexviruses are closely related neurotropic herpesviruses, which are largely apathogenic in their respective host species. However, cross-species transmission of Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (McHV1, also termed herpes B virus) from rhesus macaques to humans can cause fatal encephalomyelitis. In contrast, closely related viruses, such as Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 (CeHV2, also termed simian agent 8) or Papiine alphaherpesvirus 2 (PaHV2, also termed herpesvirus papio 2), have not been linked to human disease and are believed to be largely apathogenic in humans. Here, we investigated whether McHV1, PaHV2 and CeHV2 differ in their capacity to infect human and non-human primate (NHP) cells. For comparison, we included the human simplexviruses HSV1 and HSV2 in our analyses. All five viruses replicated efficiently in cell lines of human and African green monkey origin, and McHV1 and PaHV2 also showed robust replication in rhesus macaque cell lines. In contrast, the replication of CeHV2 and particularly HSV1 and HSV2 in cell lines of rhesus macaque origin were reduced or inefficient. Similarly, McHV1, but not CeHV2, efficiently infected rhesus macaque brain organoids. These results point towards the previously unappreciated partial resistance of certain rhesus macaque cells to HSV1/HSV2/CeHV2 infection and reveal similarities between the cell tropism of McHV1 and PaHV2 that might be relevant for risk assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Virology)
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14 pages, 2410 KiB  
Article
A Fosmid-Based System for the Generation of Recombinant Cercopithecine Alphaherpesvirus 2 Encoding Reporter Genes
by Ekaterina Chukhno, Sabine Gärtner, Abdul Rahman Siregar, Alexander Mehr, Marie Wende, Stoyan Petkov, Jasper Götting, Akshay Dhingra, Thomas Schulz, Stefan Pöhlmann and Michael Winkler
Viruses 2019, 11(11), 1026; https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111026 - 5 Nov 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3356
Abstract
The transmission of Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (McHV-1) from macaques, the natural host, to humans causes encephalitis. In contrast, human infection with Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 (CeHV-2), a closely related alphaherpesvirus from African vervet monkeys and baboons, has not been reported and it is believed [...] Read more.
The transmission of Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (McHV-1) from macaques, the natural host, to humans causes encephalitis. In contrast, human infection with Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 (CeHV-2), a closely related alphaherpesvirus from African vervet monkeys and baboons, has not been reported and it is believed that CeHV-2 is apathogenic in humans. The reasons for the differential neurovirulence of McHV-1 and CeHV-2 have not been explored on a molecular level, in part due to the absence of systems for the production of recombinant viruses. Here, we report the generation of a fosmid-based system for rescue of recombinant CeHV-2. Moreover, we show that, in this system, recombineering can be used to equip CeHV-2 with reporter genes. The recombinant CeHV-2 viruses replicated with the same efficiency as uncloned, wt virus and allowed the identification of cell lines that are highly susceptible to CeHV-2 infection. Collectively, we report a system that allows rescue and genetic modification of CeHV-2 and likely other alphaherpesviruses. This system should aid future analysis of CeHV-2 biology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Viruses)
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