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19 pages, 7128 KiB

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Insights into the Deep Phylogeny and Novel Divergence Time Estimation of Patellogastropoda from Complete Mitogenomes

by Jiantong Feng, Jing Miao, Yingying Ye, Jiji Li, Kaida Xu, Baoying Guo and Xiaojun Yan

Genes 2022, 13(7), 1273; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13071273 - 18 Jul 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2945

To further understand the origin and evolution of Patellogastropoda, we determined the mitochondrial genome sequence of Cellana toreuma, and compared its mitogenome characteristics with the other four limpets of Nacellidae. The ratio of Ka and Ks indicated that these Nacellidae species were suffering a purifying selection, with exception of the atp6 gene. The gene sequence is basically consistent among families, while there are great differences among Lottidae species. According to the mitogenome sequences of selected gastropod species, we reconstructed a new phylogenetic tree with two methods. The data complement the mitogenome database of limpets and is a favorable research tool for the phylogenetic analysis of Gastropoda. It is found that there is a long-branch attraction (LBA) artefact in the family Lottiidae of Patellogastropoda. Therefore, the Patellogastropoda was separated by Heterobranchia, and Lottiidae is located at the root of the whole phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, we constructed the divergence time tree according to the Bayesian method and discussed the internal historical dynamics, and divergence differences among the main lineages of 12 Patellogastropoda under an uncorrelated relaxed molecular clock. In turn, we made a more comprehensive discussion on the divergence time of limpets at the molecular level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Breeding and Genomics of Marine Shellfish)

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14 pages, 3725 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Identification and Total Synthesis of Two Previously Unreported Odd-Chain Bis-Methylene-Interrupted Fatty Acids with a Terminal Olefin that Activate Protein Phosphatase, Mg²⁺/Mn²⁺-Dependent 1A (PPM1A) in Ovaries of the Limpet Cellana toreuma

by Hideki Kawashima, Naoki Toyooka, Takuya Okada, Huy Du Nguyen, Yuya Nishikawa, Yuka Miura, Nana Inoue and Ken-ichi Kimura

Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(7), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17070410 - 11 Jul 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 9104

Abstract

Diverse non-methylene-interrupted (NMI) fatty acids (FAs) with odd-chain lengths have been recognized in triacylglycerols and polar lipids from the ovaries of the limpet Cellana toreuma, however their biological properties remain unclear. In this study, two previously unreported odd-chain NMI FAs, (12Z)-12,16-heptadecadienoic (1) and (14Z)-14,18-nonadecadienoic (2) acids, from the ovary lipids of C. toreuma were identified by a combination of equivalent chain length (ECL) values of their methyl esters and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of their 3-pyridylcarbinol derivatives. On the basis of the experimental results, both 1 and 2 were synthesized to prove their structural assignments and to test their biological activity. The ECL values and electron impact-mass (EI-MS) spectra of naturally occurring 1 and 2 were in agreement with those of the synthesized 1 and 2. In an in vitro assay, both 1 and 2 activated protein phosphatase, Mg²⁺/Mn²⁺-dependent 1A (PPM1A) up to 100 μM in a dose-dependent manner. Full article

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