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Ce₁₄Fe₇₈Co₂B₆ nanopowders with hard-magnetic properties have been successfully prepared by ball milling at low temperatures in liquid nitrogen. The morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of Ce₁₄Fe₇₈Co₂B₆ powders have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry, respectively. It was found that powder ball milling at low temperature in liquid nitrogen, has the advantage that the oxidation of powders is inhibited and the particles rapidly reach nanometric dimensions. In comparison to the Ce₁₄Fe₇₈Co₂B₆ powders prepared by ball milling at room temperature, the powders milled at low temperature present a more uniform particle size and no rare-earth oxides, which leads thus to remarkable magnetic properties. The nanocrystalline Ce₁₄Fe₇₈Co₂B₆ powders with optimum characteristics, prepared at low temperature, have the size of 153 nm or less, present a coercivity of 5.1 kOe, and a saturation magnetization of 113 emu/g after milling for 6 h at low temperature. Low temperature milling may become a promising technique for the fabrication of high performance powders used for permanent magnets preparation. Full article

Crystalline ceramics are intensively investigated as effective materials in various nuclear energy applications, such as inert matrix and accident tolerant fuels and nuclear waste immobilization. This paper presents an analysis of the current status of work in this field of material sciences. We have considered inorganic materials characterized by different structures, including simple oxides with fluorite structure, complex oxides (pyrochlore, murataite, zirconolite, perovskite, hollandite, garnet, crichtonite, freudenbergite, and P-pollucite), simple silicates (zircon/thorite/coffinite, titanite (sphen), britholite), framework silicates (zeolite, pollucite, nepheline /leucite, sodalite, cancrinite, micas structures), phosphates (monazite, xenotime, apatite, kosnarite (NZP), langbeinite, thorium phosphate diphosphate, struvite, meta-ankoleite), and aluminates with a magnetoplumbite structure. These materials can contain in their composition various cations in different combinations and ratios: Li–Cs, Tl, Ag, Be–Ba, Pb, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, B, Al, Fe, Ga, Sc, Cr, V, Sb, Nb, Ta, La, Ce, rare-earth elements (REEs), Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Sn, Bi, Nb, Th, U, Np, Pu, Am and Cm. They can be prepared in the form of powders, including nano-powders, as well as in form of monolith (bulk) ceramics. To produce ceramics, cold pressing and sintering (frittage), hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing and spark plasma sintering (SPS) can be used. The SPS method is now considered as one of most promising in applications with actual radioactive substances, enabling a densification of up to 98–99.9% to be achieved in a few minutes. Characteristics of the structures obtained (e.g., syngony, unit cell parameters, drawings) are described based upon an analysis of 462 publications. Full article