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Keywords = Cardan suspension

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15 pages, 2851 KiB  
Article
Analytical Solutions of the 3-DOF Gyroscope Model
by Izabela Krzysztofik and Slawomir Blasiak
Electronics 2024, 13(10), 1843; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101843 - 9 May 2024
Viewed by 1695
Abstract
The motion of a rigid body (a gyroscope) is one of the key issues in classical mechanics. It remains a significant challenge, as evidenced by its extensive practical implementations in various scientific disciplines and engineering operations. It is important to obtain analytical solutions, [...] Read more.
The motion of a rigid body (a gyroscope) is one of the key issues in classical mechanics. It remains a significant challenge, as evidenced by its extensive practical implementations in various scientific disciplines and engineering operations. It is important to obtain analytical solutions, as they provide solutions that depend directly on the system’s parameters, which can be definitively interpreted. The coupling of numerical and analytical solutions allows for a more precise representation of the real phenomenon. The main objective of the article was to formulate analytical solutions for the motion of a Cardan suspension gyroscope subjected to controlling torque moments. Analytical solutions for the proposed mathematical model were developed using the Laplace transform and Green’s function. Subsequently, they were validated by numerical tests. The obtained analytical solutions are universally applicable, regardless of the type of controlling moments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Systems & Control Engineering)
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19 pages, 7589 KiB  
Article
The Religious and Technological History of the Tang Dynasty Spherical Incense Burner
by Bing Huang
Religions 2022, 13(6), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13060482 - 25 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 7270
Abstract
This article introduces and explores, for the first time in any Western language, the gilded-silver xiangnang 香囊 (spherical incense burner) from Famen Temple, one of the largest xiangnang incense burners found in the Tang dynasty. The spherical incense burner evolved from censers for [...] Read more.
This article introduces and explores, for the first time in any Western language, the gilded-silver xiangnang 香囊 (spherical incense burner) from Famen Temple, one of the largest xiangnang incense burners found in the Tang dynasty. The spherical incense burner evolved from censers for bedclothes known as beizhong xianglu 被中香爐 (literally “perfume burner [to be placed] among the covers [of the bed], used as a warming device), which are chronicled as early as the Han dynasty in texts such as Xijing zaji 西京雜記 (Miscellaneous Records of the Western Capital). The silver spherical incense burner spread from China to the Islamic world and Venice, possibly influencing the development of the gyroscope for maritime navigation in Europe. This paper further examines the spherical incense burner’s relation to a device known as the Cardan Suspension (used to facilitate seafaring) and to the ritual of incense burning (imagined as a way to figuratively reach another world). It also discusses the spherical incense burner’s impact on similar objects from the Islamic world and Venice. Full article
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13 pages, 6741 KiB  
Article
Characterization in Dynamic Load Environment of COTS Synthetic Sapphire Bearings for Application in Magnetic Suspension in Space
by Giovanni Ottavio Delle Monache, Maria Elisa Tata, Girolamo Costanza and Claudia Cavalieri
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(19), 9027; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199027 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1887
Abstract
The present research investigates the application of a cardan suspension making use of permanent magnet (PM) bearings employed to obtain high reliable/low-cost solutions for the permanent alignment of directional payloads such as laser reflectors for the Next Generation Lunar Retroreflector (NGLR) experiment or [...] Read more.
The present research investigates the application of a cardan suspension making use of permanent magnet (PM) bearings employed to obtain high reliable/low-cost solutions for the permanent alignment of directional payloads such as laser reflectors for the Next Generation Lunar Retroreflector (NGLR) experiment or antennas to be deployed on the moon’s surface. According to Earnshaw’s Theorem, it is not possible to fully stabilize an object using only a stationary magnetic field. It is also necessary to provide axial control of the shaft since the PM bearings support the radial load but, they produce an unstable axial force when losing alignment between the stator and rotor magnets stack. In this work, the use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) sapphire as axial bearings in the cardan suspension has been investigated by testing their behavior in response to some of the dynamic loads experienced during the qualification tests for space missions. The work is innovative in the sense that COTS sapphire assembly has never been investigated for space mission qualification. As Artemis mission loads have not been yet provided for NGLR, test loads for this study are those used for the proto-qualification of the INFN INRRI payload for the ESA ExoMars EDM mission. Tests showed that, along the x and y directions, no damages were produced on the sapphire, while, unfortunately, on the z direction both sapphires were badly damaged at nominal loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials and Technologies for Aerospace Applications)
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