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Keywords = Bugarama

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12 pages, 2276 KiB  
Article
Geochemical Characterization of Nyamyumba Hot Springs, Northwest Rwanda
by Francois Hategekimana, Theophile Mugerwa, Cedrick Nsengiyumva, Fils Vainqueur Byiringiro and Digne Edmond Rwabuhungu Rwatangabo
AppliedChem 2022, 2(4), 247-258; https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem2040017 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3388
Abstract
A hot spring is a hot water source that naturally occurs on the surface of the Earth from underground; it is typically heated by subterranean volcanic activity and the local underground geothermal gradient. There are four main hot springs in Rwanda, such as: [...] Read more.
A hot spring is a hot water source that naturally occurs on the surface of the Earth from underground; it is typically heated by subterranean volcanic activity and the local underground geothermal gradient. There are four main hot springs in Rwanda, such as: Kalisimbi, Bugarama, Kinigi, and Nyamyumba, formerly named Gisenyi hot springs. It is often believed that soaking in a hot spring is a great way to naturally detox human skin. This research focuses on the geochemical analysis of Nyamyumba hot springs, located near the fresh water supply of Lake Kivu, with the purpose of understanding its healing capacity and safety. The Nyamyumba hot springs are located in the western branch of the East African Rift System, near the Virunga volcanic complex, which explains the rising and heating mechanism of the water. The concentrations of sulfate, iron, ammonia, silica, and phosphate, and the conductivity, alkalinity, and salinity of the water were measured using standard procedures. The results showed that the hot spring water has higher concentrations of chemicals compared to the Lake Kivu water, and the geochemistry of these hot springs may be associated with rock dissolution by hot water. The measured parameters were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards for recreational waters, and it has been identified that the Nyamyumba hot springs are safe to use for swimming and therapeutic activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in AppliedChem)
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24 pages, 3974 KiB  
Article
Mineralogy and Trace Element Chemistry of Ferberite/Reinite from Tungsten Deposits in Central Rwanda
by Simon Goldmann, Frank Melcher, Hans-Eike Gäbler, Stijn Dewaele, Friso De Clercq and Philippe Muchez
Minerals 2013, 3(2), 121-144; https://doi.org/10.3390/min3020121 - 2 Apr 2013
Cited by 56 | Viewed by 16168
Abstract
Tungsten mineralization in hydrothermal quartz veins from the Nyakabingo,Gifurwe and Bugarama deposits in central Rwanda occurs as the iron-rich endmember ofthe wolframite solid solution series (ferberite) and in the particular form of reinite, whichrepresents a pseudomorph of ferberite after scheelite. Primary ferberite, reinite [...] Read more.
Tungsten mineralization in hydrothermal quartz veins from the Nyakabingo,Gifurwe and Bugarama deposits in central Rwanda occurs as the iron-rich endmember ofthe wolframite solid solution series (ferberite) and in the particular form of reinite, whichrepresents a pseudomorph of ferberite after scheelite. Primary ferberite, reinite and latesecondary ferberite are characterized by their trace element chemistry and rare earthelement patterns. The replacement of scheelite by ferberite is also documented in the traceelement composition. Primary ferberite shows high Mg, Zn, Sc, V, Nb, In and Snconcentrations, but very low Ca, Pb, Sr and Ba contents. Reinite and late secondaryferberite display an uncommon trace element composition containing high concentrationsof Ca, Pb, Sr, Ba, As and Ga, but very low levels in Sn, Zr, Hf, In, Ti, Sc, Nb, Ta, Mg andZn. Late secondary ferberite replacing primary ferberite is characterized by additionalenrichments in Bi, Pb, As and Sb. The rare earth element patterns of reinite and secondaryferberite are also similar to hydrothermal scheelite. The formation of the tungsten depositsin central Rwanda is interpreted to be epigenetic in origin, and the hydrothermalmineralizing fluids are related to the intrusion of the G4-granites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Economic Minerals)
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