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7 pages, 1328 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Correlation between the Cycle Threshold Values in Detection of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Using PowerChek^TM SFTSV Real-Time PCR Kit and Viral Load: Prognostic Implications

by Misun Kim, Sang Taek Heo, Hee Cheol Kim, Myeong Jin Kang, Sora Kim, Keun Hwa Lee and Jeong Rae Yoo

Viruses 2024, 16(5), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050700 - 29 Apr 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2034

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the cycle threshold (Ct) values of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus small (S) and middle (M) segments and the SFTS viral load, aiming to estimate the initial viral load and predict prognosis in the early clinical course. Method: A retrospective study was conducted with confirmed SFTS patients at Jeju National University Hospital (2016–2022). Patients were categorized into non-fatal and fatal groups. Results: This study included 49 patients with confirmed SFTS (non-fatal group, n = 42; fatal group, n = 7). A significant negative correlation (−0.783) was observed between the log SFTS viral load and Ct values (p < 0.001). This negative correlation was notably stronger in the fatal group (correlation coefficient −0.940) than in the non-fatal group (correlation coefficient −0.345). Conclusion: In this study, we established a correlation between SFTS viral load and Ct values for estimating the initial viral load and early predicting prognosis. These results are expected to offer valuable insights for SFTS patient treatment and prognosis prediction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus 3.0)

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41 pages, 10877 KiB

Open AccessReview

Update on Potentially Zoonotic Viruses of European Bats

by Claudia Kohl, Andreas Nitsche and Andreas Kurth

Vaccines 2021, 9(7), 690; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070690 - 23 Jun 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5495

Abstract

Bats have been increasingly gaining attention as potential reservoir hosts of some of the most virulent viruses known. Numerous review articles summarize bats as potential reservoir hosts of human-pathogenic zoonotic viruses. For European bats, just one review article is available that we published in 2014. The present review provides an update on the earlier article and summarizes the most important viruses found in European bats and their possible implications for Public Health. We identify the research gaps and recommend monitoring of these viruses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research in Bat-Borne Zoonotic Viruses)

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17 pages, 1778 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vascular Leak and Hypercytokinemia Associated with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection in Mice

by Jonna B. Westover, Brady T. Hickerson, Arnaud J. Van Wettere, Brett L. Hurst, Jacqueline P. Kurz, Ashley Dagley, Petra Wülfroth, Takashi Komeno, Yousuke Furuta, Thomas Steiner and Brian B. Gowen

Pathogens 2019, 8(4), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040158 - 21 Sep 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4864

Abstract

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) endemic to China, South Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Here we characterize the pathogenesis and natural history of disease in IFNAR^-/- mice challenged with the HB29 strain of SFTS virus (SFTSV) and demonstrate hallmark features of VHF such as vascular leak and high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in blood and tissues. Treatment with FX06, a natural plasmin digest product of fibrin in clinical development as a treatment for vascular leak, reduced vascular permeability associated with SFTSV infection but did not significantly improve survival outcome. Further studies are needed to assess the role of vascular compromise in the SFTS disease process modeled in IFNAR^-/- mice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Comparative Animal Models of Human Viral Infections)

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21 pages, 3145 KiB

Open AccessReview

Immune Modulation and Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis of Emerging Tickborne Banyangviruses

by Crystal A. Mendoza, Hideki Ebihara and Satoko Yamaoka

Vaccines 2019, 7(4), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040125 - 20 Sep 2019

Cited by 40 | Viewed by 7918

Abstract

In the last decade, the emergence of several, novel tickborne viruses have caused significant disease in humans. Of interest are the tickborne banyangviruses: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus (HRTV), and Guertu virus (GTV). SFTSV and HRTV infection in humans cause viral hemorrhagic fever-like disease leading to mortality rates ranging from 6–30% of the cases. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with SFTSV infection is hypothesized to contribute significantly to pathology seen in patients. Despite the severe disease caused by HRTV and SFTSV, there are no approved therapeutics or vaccines. Investigation of the immune response during and following infection is critical to the generation of fully protective vaccines and/or supportive treatments, and overall understanding of viral immune evasion mechanisms may aid in the development of a new class of therapeutics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Host Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases)

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13 pages, 5434 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Screening of an FDA-Approved Drug Library with a Two-Tier System Identifies an Entry Inhibitor of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

by Shuofeng Yuan, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Zi-Wei Ye, Lei Wen, Terance Gi-Wai Tsang, Jianli Cao, Jingjing Huang, Chris Chun-Yiu Chan, Kenn Ka-Heng Chik, Garnet Kwan-Yue Choi, Jian-Piao Cai, Feifei Yin, Hin Chu, Mifang Liang, Dong-Yan Jin and Kwok-Yung Yuen

Viruses 2019, 11(4), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/v11040385 - 25 Apr 2019

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 7457

Abstract

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus that causes severe disease in humans with case-fatality rates of up to 30%. There are currently very limited treatment options for SFTSV infection. We conducted a drug repurposing program by establishing a two-tier test system to rapidly screen a Food and Drug Administration- (FDA)-approved drug library for drug compounds with anti-SFTSV activity in vitro. We identified five drug compounds that inhibited SFTSV replication at low micromolar concentrations, including hexachlorophene, triclosan, regorafenib, eltrombopag, and broxyquinoline. Among them, hexachlorophene was the most potent with an IC₅₀ of 1.3 ± 0.3 µM and a selectivity index of 18.7. Mechanistic studies suggested that hexachlorophene was a virus entry inhibitor, which impaired SFTSV entry into host cells by interfering with cell membrane fusion. Molecular docking analysis predicted that the binding of hexachlorophene with the hydrophobic pocket between domain I and domain III of the SFTSV Gc glycoprotein was highly stable. The novel antiviral activity and mechanism of hexachlorophene in this study would facilitate the use of hexachlorophene as a lead compound to develop more entry inhibitors with higher anti-SFTSV potency and lower toxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Entry Pathways)

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