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Keywords = Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis

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9 pages, 1326 KiB  
Article
Biochemical Features of the Cry3A Toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis and Its Toxicity to the Red Imported Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta
by Lee A. Bulla
Microorganisms 2025, 13(2), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020371 - 8 Feb 2025
Viewed by 802
Abstract
Bioinsecticides based on the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used as safe alternatives to chemical insecticides. The insecticidal activity of Bt is occasioned by a protein toxin contained in parasporal crystals (Cry proteins) that are synthesized and laid down alongside the endospore [...] Read more.
Bioinsecticides based on the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used as safe alternatives to chemical insecticides. The insecticidal activity of Bt is occasioned by a protein toxin contained in parasporal crystals (Cry proteins) that are synthesized and laid down alongside the endospore during sporulation. The specificity of toxin action is associated with the subspecies of Bt and the individual Cry toxins they produce. Although a number of commercial Bt formulations are available to control moths, mosquitoes and beetles, there are none that control the red imported fire ant (RIFA) Solenopsis invicta. The present report is the first to describe the insecticidal activity of the Cry3A protein toxin, produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (Btt), against the RIFA as well as some of its key biochemical properties. Currently available commercial formulations of Btt are designed to control beetles such as the Colorado potato beetle, not ants. The Cry3A toxin (MW ~66 kDa) is embedded in a larger polypeptide (protoxin, MW ~73 kDa) and is released from the toxin enzymatically. Once activated, it can be administered to the RIFA as a soluble protein that most likely binds to an attendant receptor in the epithelial cells that line the wall of the larval ventriculus, killing the insect. Properly customized, the Cry3A toxin is a potential candidate for fire ant control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Microbial Synthetic Biology)
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11 pages, 290 KiB  
Article
Caffeic Acid and Biopesticides Interactions for the Control of Storage Beetles
by Chrysanthi Zarmakoupi, Konstantinos Mpistiolis, George Pantazis, Panagiota Psatha, Despoina Dimitriadi, Foteini Kitsiou, Panagiotis Eliopoulos, George Patakioutas and Spiridon Mantzoukas
Appl. Biosci. 2023, 2(2), 211-221; https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci2020015 - 8 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2383
Abstract
Infestations of stored-product pests cause significant losses of agricultural produce every year. Despite various environmental and health risks, chemical insecticides are now a ready-to-use solution for pest control. Against this background and in the context of Integrated Pest Management research, the present study [...] Read more.
Infestations of stored-product pests cause significant losses of agricultural produce every year. Despite various environmental and health risks, chemical insecticides are now a ready-to-use solution for pest control. Against this background and in the context of Integrated Pest Management research, the present study focuses on the potential insecticidal effect of caffeic acid at five different concentrations (250, 500, 750, 1500 and 3000 ppm), and their combination with Cydia pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis and Beauveria bassiana strain GHA on three major insect stored-product beetle species, Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) and Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Treatment efficacy was expressed as mortality in relation to exposure time and adult species number. Compared to the control, the results showed a clear dose-dependent pesticidal activity, expressed as significant adult mortality at a high-dose application, although some of the combinations of caffeic acid concentrations with the other substances acted positively (synergistically and additively) and some negatively. Based on our results, bioinsecticides can be combined with plant compounds such as caffeic acid and be integrated with other modern IPM tools in storage facilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Applied Biosciences 2023)
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