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Keywords = AC stark clock shifts

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44 pages, 2528 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Rubidium Two-Photon Vapor Cell Optical Clock: Long-Term Performance Limitations and Potential Improvements
by Asagwegbe C. Obaze-Adeleke, Bryan Semon and Thejesh N. Bandi
Photonics 2025, 12(5), 513; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12050513 - 20 May 2025
Viewed by 1727
Abstract
Two-photon vapor cell-based optical clocks are strong candidates for next-generation portable atomic standards, offering simplicity, compactness, and high performance. Their narrow clock transitions with counter-propagating beams enable first-order Doppler-free operation. However, systematic perturbations such as the AC Stark shift, temperature-induced shift, and drifts [...] Read more.
Two-photon vapor cell-based optical clocks are strong candidates for next-generation portable atomic standards, offering simplicity, compactness, and high performance. Their narrow clock transitions with counter-propagating beams enable first-order Doppler-free operation. However, systematic perturbations such as the AC Stark shift, temperature-induced shift, and drifts resulting from the laser system pose challenges cause instabilities to medium- to long-term performance. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of Rb two-photon vapor cell optical standards, focusing on the long-term performance-limiting effects and potential mitigation strategies, aiming for clock stabilities better than 1 × 10−15 over the averaging time of a day and beyond. Full article
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10 pages, 1979 KiB  
Article
Determining the Magic Wavelength Without Modulation of the Trap Depth
by Jingjing Xia, Feng Guo, Yanhua Zhou, Xiaotong Lu and Hong Chang
Optics 2024, 5(4), 534-543; https://doi.org/10.3390/opt5040040 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1191
Abstract
In this paper, the magic wavelength of the 87Sr optical lattice clock is determined by a method that bypasses the need for lattice trap depth modulation. Instead, it relies on an additional AC Stark shift generated by a dipole beam operating near [...] Read more.
In this paper, the magic wavelength of the 87Sr optical lattice clock is determined by a method that bypasses the need for lattice trap depth modulation. Instead, it relies on an additional AC Stark shift generated by a dipole beam operating near the frequency of the lattice light and oriented perpendicular to the optical lattice. The magic wavelength is inferred by measuring the AC Stark shift induced by the dipole beam as a function of its power under various frequency detunings. The effect of the dipole beam on the external states of the cold ensemble is evaluated through comparative analysis of the radial and axial sideband spectra, both with and without the dipole beam. Variations in density shift resulting from changes in external states are evaluated using comprehensive numerical calculations. By avoiding trap depth modulation, this method effectively suppresses the influence of the density shift, thereby offering a promising avenue for accurately determining the magic wavelength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Photonics and Optical Communications)
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19 pages, 551 KiB  
Article
Prospective Optical Lattice Clocks in Neutral Atoms with Hyperfine Structure
by Tobias Bothwell
Atoms 2024, 12(3), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms12030014 - 5 Mar 2024
Viewed by 2524
Abstract
Optical lattice clocks combine the accuracy and stability required for next-generation frequency standards. At the heart of these clocks are carefully engineered optical lattices tuned to a wavelength where the differential AC Stark shift between ground and excited states vanishes—the so called ‘magic’ [...] Read more.
Optical lattice clocks combine the accuracy and stability required for next-generation frequency standards. At the heart of these clocks are carefully engineered optical lattices tuned to a wavelength where the differential AC Stark shift between ground and excited states vanishes—the so called ‘magic’ wavelength. To date, only alkaline-earth-like atoms utilizing clock transitions with total electronic angular momentum J=0 have successfully realized these magic wavelength optical lattices at the level necessary for state-of-the-art clock operation. In this article, we discuss two additional types of clock transitions utilizing states with J≠0, leveraging hyperfine structure to satisfy the necessary requirements for controlling lattice-induced light shifts. We propose realizing (i) clock transitions between same-parity clock states with total angular momentum F=0 and (ii) M1/E2 clock transitions between a state with F=0 and a second state with J=1/2, mF=0. We present atomic species which fulfill these requirements before giving a detailed discussion of both manganese and copper, demonstrating how these transitions provide the necessary suppression of fine structure-induced vector and tensor lattice light shifts for clock operations. Such realization of alternative optical lattice clocks promises to provide a rich variety of new atomic species for neutral atom clock operation, with applications from many-body physics to searches for new physics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Precision Laser Spectroscopy)
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