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Keywords = 3D-printed personalized insoles

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17 pages, 11513 KiB  
Article
Additively Manufactured Foot Insoles Using Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) Cellular Structures
by Genaro Rico-Baeza, Gerardo I. Pérez-Soto, Luis Alberto Morales-Hernández, Enrique Cuan-Urquizo and Karla A. Camarillo-Gómez
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(23), 12665; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312665 - 25 Nov 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2270
Abstract
This study presents the development of insoles using 3D scanning and additive manufacturing; additionally, the feasibility of implementing cellular structures in their design was evaluated. Using finite element models, the displacements and Von Mises stresses in the insoles were obtained considering the exerted [...] Read more.
This study presents the development of insoles using 3D scanning and additive manufacturing; additionally, the feasibility of implementing cellular structures in their design was evaluated. Using finite element models, the displacements and Von Mises stresses in the insoles were obtained considering the exerted pressures of a person during walking. The insoles developed in this work presented a decrease of 91.48% in deformation while the maximum Von Mises stress increased by 32.62%, compared with what other authors reported. The Von Mises stresses and displacements in the insole were calculated when two cellular topologies, triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) and body-centered cubic (BCC), and different relative densities (10.33%, 14.67%, and 20.19%) were implemented. When compared to solid insoles, the Von Mises stresses and displacements for the models with cellular structures increased. The maximum Von Mises stresses and displacements resulted for the insoles with a relative density of 10.33%; for the insole with the BCC cellular structure, the displacement was 2.06 mm, and the Von Mises stress was 22.17 MPa, while for the TPMS structure, these were 2.7 mm and 23.84 MPa, respectively. The designs were additively manufactured, and the printing defects were visually characterized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Additive Manufacturing Technologies)
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17 pages, 3121 KiB  
Article
3D-Printed Insoles for People with Type 2 Diabetes: An Italian, Ambulatory Case Report on the Innovative Care Model
by Marco Mancuso, Rocco Bulzomì, Marco Mannisi, Francesco Martelli and Claudia Giacomozzi
Diabetology 2023, 4(3), 339-355; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4030029 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4871
Abstract
3D-printed insoles are increasingly used for the management of foot pathologies, and the recent literature reports on various experimental studies dealing with either whole foot orthoses or pads fabricated through 3D-printing processes. In the case of diabetic foot disease, the main aim is [...] Read more.
3D-printed insoles are increasingly used for the management of foot pathologies, and the recent literature reports on various experimental studies dealing with either whole foot orthoses or pads fabricated through 3D-printing processes. In the case of diabetic foot disease, the main aim is to deliver more effective solutions with respect to the consolidated processes to reduce compressive risk forces at specific plantar foot sites. Clinical studies are, however, still limited, at least in peer-review journals. Additionally, in Italy, the manufacturing process of these medical devices has not been formally integrated yet into the list of care processes approved for reimbursement by the public healthcare service. Within the Italian DIAPASON project (DIAbetic PAtients Safe ambulatiON), a feasibility pilot study has been conducted in the territory on 21 patients with diabetic foot complications to assess the pros and cons of an innovative process. The process, which relies on in-shoe pressure measurements and on a patented 3D modeling and printing procedure, includes the prescription, design, manufacturing and testing of 3D-printed personalized insoles. The process has been tested in an ambulatory setting and showed the potential to be also implemented in community settings. In this paper, we report a case study on a single volunteer, and we describe and comment on how the whole process has been proven safe and suitable for the purpose. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Current Insights and Future Directions)
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