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Keywords = “female filth”

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14 pages, 946 KiB  
Article
Four Chinese Buddhist Nuns’ Gender Anxiety in Their Colophons to the Da banniepan jing 大般涅槃經
by Ruifeng Chen
Religions 2023, 14(4), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14040481 - 3 Apr 2023
Viewed by 2212
Abstract
Many scholars of Buddhism believe that Buddhists (particularly Mahāyāna Buddhists) regularly reproduce scriptures for merit in general, regardless of their content. However, by examining four Chinese Buddhist nuns’ colophons in manuscripts of the Da banniepan jing 大般涅槃經 (Scripture on the Great Extinction; Skt. [...] Read more.
Many scholars of Buddhism believe that Buddhists (particularly Mahāyāna Buddhists) regularly reproduce scriptures for merit in general, regardless of their content. However, by examining four Chinese Buddhist nuns’ colophons in manuscripts of the Da banniepan jing 大般涅槃經 (Scripture on the Great Extinction; Skt. Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra) (T no. 374) from around the sixth century with reference to its content, I argue that this scripture is significantly related to gender transformation and “female filth”. In this way, I suggest that these nuns could have deliberately commissioned this particular scripture due to their gender-based concerns. This study deepens our understanding of the reception of this scripture by Chinese Buddhist nuns by concentrating on the notion of gender, and it indicates that some nuns did not commission scriptures simply for merit without awareness of the scriptures’ content. This method of reading Buddhist texts as objects put into practice provides insight into the intellectual background of medieval Chinese Buddhist nuns, showing how they drew on their knowledge of Buddhist texts and financial resources to commission a specific scripture in order to negotiate more spiritual space. Full article
9 pages, 286 KiB  
Article
Laboratory Evaluation of Pupal Parasitoids for Control of the Cornsilk Fly Species, Chaetopsis massyla and Euxesta eluta
by Sandra A. Allan, Christopher J. Geden and J. Lanette Sobel
Insects 2022, 13(11), 990; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13110990 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1956
Abstract
Cornsilk flies are serious pests of sweet corn through damage to cobs and secondary fungal establishment. As pupae are generally outside the infested cob on the ground, there can be potential for use of pupal parasitoids for control. Two species of gregarious parasitoids, [...] Read more.
Cornsilk flies are serious pests of sweet corn through damage to cobs and secondary fungal establishment. As pupae are generally outside the infested cob on the ground, there can be potential for use of pupal parasitoids for control. Two species of gregarious parasitoids, Muscidifurax raptorellus and Nasonia vitripennis, and three species of solitary parasitoids, Spalangia endius, Spalangia cameroni and Muscidifurax raptor, were evaluated against pupae of the two cornsilk fly species, Euxesta eluta and Chaetopsis massyla. House fly pupae, the most common host for most of the parasitoids, were included for comparison. All of the parasitoids killed and successfully parasitized pupae of the two cornsilk fly species at rates that were similar to house fly pupae. Adult parasitoids that emerged from cornsilk fly hosts were somewhat smaller than parasitoids reared from house flies and had proportionally fewer females. These parasitoids, which are widely and commercially available for filth fly control, warrant further consideration for their potential against cornsilk flies in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insects Ecology and Biocontrol Applications)
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