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Keywords = seafood poisoning
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Article
Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins
by Rex Munday, Michael A. Quilliam, Patricia LeBlanc, Nancy Lewis, Pamela Gallant, Sandra A. Sperker, H. Stephen Ewart and Shawna L. MacKinnon
Toxins 2012, 4(1), 1-14; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins4010001 - 30 Dec 2011
Cited by 74 | Viewed by 9728
Abstract
Spirolides are marine phycotoxins produced by the dinoflagellates Alexandrium ostenfeldii and A. peruvianum. Here we report that 13-desmethyl spirolide C shows little cytotoxicity when incubated with various cultured mammalian cell lines. When administered to mice by intraperitoneal (ip) injection, however, this substance was [...] Read more.
Spirolides are marine phycotoxins produced by the dinoflagellates Alexandrium ostenfeldii and A. peruvianum. Here we report that 13-desmethyl spirolide C shows little cytotoxicity when incubated with various cultured mammalian cell lines. When administered to mice by intraperitoneal (ip) injection, however, this substance was highly toxic, with an LD50 value of 6.9 µg/kg body weight (BW), showing that such in vitro cytotoxicity tests are not appropriate for predicting the in vivo toxicity of this toxin. Four other spirolides, A, B, C, and 20-methyl spirolide G, were also toxic to mice by ip injection, with LD50 values of 37, 99, 8.0 and 8.0 µg/kg BW respectively. However, the acute toxicities of these compounds were lower by at least an order of magnitude when administration by gavage and their toxic effects were further diminished when administered with food. These results have implications for future studies of the toxicology of these marine toxins and the risk assessment of human exposure. Full article
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