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Authors = Sonia Villarejo ORCID = 0000-0003-4564-7388

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17 pages, 6324 KiB  
Article
Interaction between SARS-CoV PBM and Cellular PDZ Domains Leading to Virus Virulence
by Jose M. Honrubia, Jose R. Valverde, Diego Muñoz-Santos, Jorge Ripoll-Gómez, Nuria de la Blanca, Jorge Izquierdo, Marta Villarejo-Torres, Ana Marchena-Pasero, María Rueda-Huélamo, Ivan Nombela, Mercedes Ruiz-Yuste, Sonia Zuñiga, Isabel Sola and Luis Enjuanes
Viruses 2024, 16(8), 1214; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081214 - 29 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1457
Abstract
The interaction between SARS-CoV PDZ-binding motifs (PBMs) and cellular PDZs is responsible for virus virulence. The PBM sequence present in the 3a and envelope (E) proteins of SARS-CoV can potentially bind to over 400 cellular proteins containing PDZ domains. The role of SARS-CoV [...] Read more.
The interaction between SARS-CoV PDZ-binding motifs (PBMs) and cellular PDZs is responsible for virus virulence. The PBM sequence present in the 3a and envelope (E) proteins of SARS-CoV can potentially bind to over 400 cellular proteins containing PDZ domains. The role of SARS-CoV 3a and E proteins was studied. SARS-CoVs, in which 3a-PBM and E-PMB have been deleted (3a-PBM-/E-PBM-), reduced their titer around one logarithmic unit but still were viable. In addition, the absence of the E-PBM and the replacement of 3a-PBM with that of E did not allow the rescue of SARS-CoV. E protein PBM was necessary for virulence, activating p38-MAPK through the interaction with Syntenin-1 PDZ domain. However, the presence or absence of the homologous motif in the 3a protein, which does not bind to Syntenin-1, did not affect virus pathogenicity. Mutagenesis analysis and in silico modeling were performed to study the extension of the PBM of the SARS-CoV E protein. Alanine and glycine scanning was performed revealing a pair of amino acids necessary for optimum virus replication. The binding of E protein with the PDZ2 domain of the Syntenin-1 homodimer induced conformational changes in both PDZ domains 1 and 2 of the dimer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viruses 2024—A World of Viruses)
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18 pages, 1358 KiB  
Article
Parental Socialization and Its Impact across the Lifespan
by Jose Antonio Martinez-Escudero, Sonia Villarejo, Oscar F. Garcia and Fernando Garcia
Behav. Sci. 2020, 10(6), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10060101 - 16 Jun 2020
Cited by 61 | Viewed by 12789
Abstract
Classical studies have found that parental warmth combined with parental strictness is the best parental strategy to promote children’s psychosocial development. Nevertheless, a growing set of emergent studies has questioned the benefits of parental strictness. The present study examined parental socialization and its [...] Read more.
Classical studies have found that parental warmth combined with parental strictness is the best parental strategy to promote children’s psychosocial development. Nevertheless, a growing set of emergent studies has questioned the benefits of parental strictness. The present study examined parental socialization and its short- and long-term impact on the psychosocial development of adolescents and adult children. The sample consisted of 2150 Spanish participants, 623 adolescents (12–18 years), 619 young adults (19–35 years), 502 middle-aged adults (35–59 years), and 406 older adults (60 years or older). Families were classified into one of four typologies (indulgent, authoritative, authoritarian, and neglectful). Psychosocial development was examined with five indicators (physical and family self-concept, nervousness, empathy, and internalization of social values of benevolence). The results show a common short- and long-term pattern between parenting styles and psychosocial development: the indulgent style equaled or even surpassed the authoritative style, whereas the neglectful and authoritarian styles were associated with low scores. The present findings were discussed by considering the importance of the cultural context in family socialization. Additionally, the long-term impact of parental socialization seems to be crucial, even in adulthood. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Developmental Psychology)
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