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Authors = Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan

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12 pages, 2614 KiB  
Perspective
Agriculture Waste Biomass Repurposed into Natural Fibers: A Circular Bioeconomy Perspective
by Kuzhandaivel Jayaprakash, Atieh Osama, Rajinikanth Rajagopal, Bernard Goyette and Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan
Bioengineering 2022, 9(7), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9070296 - 1 Jul 2022
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 7612
Abstract
Fibers come from natural and fossil resources and are an essential commodity widely used by textile industries. Considering current supply and future demands, the repurposing of agricultural residues into fibers is an eco-friendly, attractive option that might mitigate environmental pollution. In this review, [...] Read more.
Fibers come from natural and fossil resources and are an essential commodity widely used by textile industries. Considering current supply and future demands, the repurposing of agricultural residues into fibers is an eco-friendly, attractive option that might mitigate environmental pollution. In this review, we have summarized multiple alternate secondary sources for fiber production, with a case study using banana plant residual biomass, a common agricultural waste in many developing countries. Specifically, in this review we have compared the different processing methods, e.g., chemical, mechanical, or biological methods, for repurposing agricultural residual biomass (including banana waste) into fibers. The development and analysis of an integrated biorefinery approach is needed to promote the fiber production from various agro-residual biomasses within the framework of circular bioeconomic concepts. Full article
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18 pages, 5069 KiB  
Article
Influence of Carbon Sources on Biomass and Biomolecule Accumulation in Picochlorum sp. Cultured under the Mixotrophic Condition
by Rahul Kumar Goswami, Sanjeet Mehariya, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan and Pradeep Verma
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3674; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063674 - 19 Mar 2022
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 3815
Abstract
The major downfalls of the microalgal biorefinery are low volume of high value product accumulation, low biomass productivity and high cultivation costs. Here, we aimed to improve the biomass productivity of the industrially relevant Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 strain. The growth of Picochlorum [...] Read more.
The major downfalls of the microalgal biorefinery are low volume of high value product accumulation, low biomass productivity and high cultivation costs. Here, we aimed to improve the biomass productivity of the industrially relevant Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 strain. The growth of Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 was investigated under different cultivations conditions, including photoautotrophic (with light), mixotrophic (1% glucose, with light) and heterotrophic (1% glucose, without light). Among them, Picochlorum sp. BDUG100241 showed the highest growth in the mixotrophic condition. Under different (1%) carbon sources’ supplementation, including glucose, sodium acetate, glycerol, citric acid and methanol, Picochlorum sp. BDUG100241 growth was tested. Among them, sodium acetate was found to be most suitable carbon source for Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 growth, biomass (1.67 ± 0.18 g/L) and biomolecule productivity. From the different concentrations of sodium acetate (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 g/L) tested, the maximum biomass production of 2.40 ± 0.20 g/L with the biomass productivity of 95 ± 5.00 mg/L/d was measured from 7.5 g/L in sodium acetate. The highest total lipid (53.50 ± 1.70%) and total carotenoids (0.75 ± 0.01 µg/mL) contents were observed at the concentration of 7.5 g/L and 5.0 g/L of sodium acetate as a carbon source, respectively. In conclusion, the mixotrophic growth condition containing 7.5 g/L of sodium acetate showed the maximum biomass yield and biomolecule accumulation compared to other organic carbon sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microalgae Biorefinery for Bioproducts)
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15 pages, 541 KiB  
Article
Bio-Refining of Carbohydrate-Rich Food Waste for Biofuels
by Hoang-Tuong Nguyen Hao, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan and Kirsten Heimann
Energies 2015, 8(7), 6350-6364; https://doi.org/10.3390/en8076350 - 25 Jun 2015
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 11790
Abstract
The global dependence on finite fossil fuel-derived energy is of serious concern given the predicted population increase. Over the past decades, bio-refining of woody biomass has received much attention, but data on food waste refining are sorely lacking, despite annual and global deposition [...] Read more.
The global dependence on finite fossil fuel-derived energy is of serious concern given the predicted population increase. Over the past decades, bio-refining of woody biomass has received much attention, but data on food waste refining are sorely lacking, despite annual and global deposition of 1.3 billion tons in landfills. In addition to negative environmental impacts, this represents a squandering of valuable energy, water and nutrient resources. The potential of carbohydrate-rich food waste (CRFW) for biofuel (by Rhodotorulla glutinis fermentation) and biogas production (by calculating theoretical methane yield) was therefore investigated using a novel integrated bio-refinery approach. In this approach, hydrolyzed CRFW from three different conditions was used for Rhodotorulla glutinis cultivation to produce biolipids, whilst residual solids after hydrolysis were characterized for methane recovery potential via anaerobic digestion. Initially, CRFW was hydrolysed using thermal- (Th), chemical- (Ch) and Th-Ch combined hydrolysis (TCh), with the CRFW-leachate serving as a control (Pcon). Excessive foaming led to the loss of TCh cultures, while day-7 biomass yields were similar (3.4–3.6 g dry weight (DW) L−1) for the remaining treatments. Total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of R. glutinis cultivated on CRFW hydrolysates were relatively low (~6.5%) but quality parameters (i.e., cetane number, density, viscosity and higher heating values) of biomass extracted biodiesel complied with ASTM standards. Despite low theoretical RS-derived methane potential, further research under optimised and scaled conditions will reveal the potential of this approach for the bio-refining of CRFW for energy recovery and value-added co-product production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioenergy and Biorefining)
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