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Authors = Justyna Czech-Polak

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16 pages, 5511 KiB  
Article
Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene Composites Containing Siloxane-Silsesquioxane Resins
by Arkadiusz Niemczyk, Katarzyna Dziubek, Beata Sacher-Majewska, Krystyna Czaja, Justyna Czech-Polak, Rafał Oliwa, Joanna Lenża and Mariusz Szołyga
Polymers 2018, 10(9), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10091019 - 13 Sep 2018
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 6736
Abstract
A novel group of silsesquioxane derivatives, which are siloxane-silsesquioxane resins (S4SQ), was for the first time examined as possible flame retardants in polypropylene (PP) materials. Thermal stability of the PP/S4SQ composites compared to the S4SQ resins and neat PP was estimated using thermogravimetric [...] Read more.
A novel group of silsesquioxane derivatives, which are siloxane-silsesquioxane resins (S4SQ), was for the first time examined as possible flame retardants in polypropylene (PP) materials. Thermal stability of the PP/S4SQ composites compared to the S4SQ resins and neat PP was estimated using thermogravimetric (TG) analysis under nitrogen and in air atmosphere. The effects of the non-functionalized and n-alkyl-functionalized siloxane-silsesquioxane resins on thermostability and flame retardancy of PP materials were also evaluated by thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) and by cone calorimeter tests. The results revealed that the functionalized S4SQ resins may form a continuous ceramic layer on the material surface during its combustion, which improves both thermal stability and flame retardancy of the PP materials. This beneficial effect was observed especially when small amounts of the S4SQ fillers were applied. The performed analyses allowed us to propose a possible mechanism for the degradation of the siloxane-silsesquioxane resins, as well as to explain their possible role during the combustion of the PP/S4SQ composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue POSS-Based Polymers)
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23 pages, 2559 KiB  
Article
Effect of Meltable Triazine-DOPO Additive on Rheological, Mechanical, and Flammability Properties of PA6
by Irina Butnaru, María P. Fernández-Ronco, Justyna Czech-Polak, Maciej Heneczkowski, Maria Bruma and Sabyasachi Gaan
Polymers 2015, 7(8), 1541-1563; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym7081469 - 17 Aug 2015
Cited by 59 | Viewed by 11138
Abstract
Through a straightforward approach, a new meltable, halogen-free, nitrogen-phosphorus-based flame retardant (FR), 6-(2-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ethyl) dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (DTE-DOPO) was synthesized and incorporated in polyamide 6 (PA6). It was proved that a very low phosphorus content of 1.46 wt% for DTE-DOPO additive [...] Read more.
Through a straightforward approach, a new meltable, halogen-free, nitrogen-phosphorus-based flame retardant (FR), 6-(2-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ethyl) dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (DTE-DOPO) was synthesized and incorporated in polyamide 6 (PA6). It was proved that a very low phosphorus content of 1.46 wt% for DTE-DOPO additive improved the flame retardancy of PA6, leading to a non-flammable material. The performance of the new additive was compared to that of the commercially-available Exolit® OP 1230. The PA6 formulations were evaluated by measuring the rheological, mechanical, and flammability behavior. Using compounding by melt extrusion, 17 wt% additives was introduced into PA6 matrix and the corresponding formulations were characterized. The results evidenced a higher homogeneity of DTE-DOPO with PA6, a high thermal stability with a catalyzing decomposition effect on PA6 caused by the presence of the new developed FR, enhanced elasticity for the PA6/DTE-DOPO formulation and a V0 rating for both formulations. Thermal and fire analysis indicated a primary gas-phase activity, combined with a complete suppression of the self-sustained burning for the PA6/DTE-DOPO formulation. Full article
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