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Search Results (8)

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Authors = Iga Stokłosa ORCID = 0000-0002-7283-5491

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17 pages, 267 KiB  
Article
Intensity of Psychoactive Substance Use Affects the Occurrence of Prodromal Symptoms of Psychosis
by Gniewko Więckiewicz, Iga Florczyk, Maciej Stokłosa, Marta Jurga, Piotr Gorczyca and Magdalena Kotlicka-Antczak
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(3), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030760 - 28 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2012
Abstract
Background: Psychosis is defined as a series of symptoms that impair the mind and lead to a kind of loss of reference to reality. Development of psychosis is usually preceded by the appearance of prodromal symptoms. Numerous attempts have been made to find [...] Read more.
Background: Psychosis is defined as a series of symptoms that impair the mind and lead to a kind of loss of reference to reality. Development of psychosis is usually preceded by the appearance of prodromal symptoms. Numerous attempts have been made to find out how psychoactive substances can influence the onset and development of psychotic disorders, but to date there are no studies that show a link between the onset of prodromal symptoms and the use of psychoactive substances. Methods: A survey consisting of epidemiological and demographic questions, the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), and the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief Version (PQ-B) was conducted on social media among users of illegal psychoactive substances, covering 703 study participants. Results: A total of 39.8% of the respondents had been treated by a psychiatrist, and the most popular drugs used by respondents in their lifetime were tetrahydrocannabinol-containing products, MDMA, amphetamines, and LSD. A significant correlation was found between the DUDIT and the PQ-B values. Conclusions: Intensity of psychoactive substance use correlated positively with the risk of appearance and intensity of prodromal symptoms of psychosis. Early exposure to psychoactive substances increased the risk of heavy substance use in adulthood and led to more frequent prodromal states. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive Disorders and Clinical Psychiatry—Part II)
13 pages, 289 KiB  
Article
The Need for Psychiatric Treatment among Polish Users of Psychoactive Substances Is Increasing: This and Other Results from the Newest PolDrugs Survey
by Gniewko Więckiewicz, Julia Marek, Iga Stokłosa, Sandra Szafoni, Szymon Pluta, Katarzyna Smukowska, Gabriela Żebrowska, Maciej Stokłosa, Piotr Gorczyca and Robert Pudlo
Medicina 2023, 59(5), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050908 - 9 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2819
Abstract
Background and Objectives: PolDrugs is the largest Polish naturalistic nationwide survey to present basic demographic and epidemiological data that could potentially prevent harm from illicit substances intake in drugs users. The most recent results were presented in 2021. The goal of this [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: PolDrugs is the largest Polish naturalistic nationwide survey to present basic demographic and epidemiological data that could potentially prevent harm from illicit substances intake in drugs users. The most recent results were presented in 2021. The goal of this year’s edition was to re-present the above data and compare it to the previous edition’s data to identify and describe the differences. Materials and Methods: The survey included original questions about basic demographics, substance use, and psychiatric treatment. The survey was administered via the Google Forms platform and promoted via social media. The data was collected from 1117 respondents. Results: People of all ages use a variety of psychoactive substances in many situations. The three most commonly used drugs are marijuana, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and hallucinogenic mushrooms. The most common reason for seeking professional medical help was amphetamine use. A total of 41.7 percent of respondents were receiving psychiatric treatment. The three most common psychiatric diagnoses among the respondents were depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and ADHD. Conclusions: Key findings include increases in the use of psilocybin and DMT, increases in the use of heated tobacco products, and a near doubling in the percentage of individuals receiving psychiatric help in the past two years. These issues are discussed in the discussion section of this paper, which also addresses the limitations to the article. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology & Public Health)
15 pages, 368 KiB  
Article
Influence of Selected Sociodemographic and Cultural Factors on the Age of Sexual Initiation of Students from Polish Universities
by Maciej Stokłosa, Iga Stokłosa, Gniewko Więckiewicz, Mateusz Porwolik, Maciej Bugajski, Tomasz Męcik-Kronenberg, Robert Pudlo, Piotr Gorczyca and Magdalena Piegza
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3468; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043468 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2214
Abstract
Sexuality is the one of the most important parts of human life. The aim of our study was to identify the factors influencing the onset and age of sexual initiation in students and drawing attention to the need to improve access to sexual [...] Read more.
Sexuality is the one of the most important parts of human life. The aim of our study was to identify the factors influencing the onset and age of sexual initiation in students and drawing attention to the need to improve access to sexual education in Polish schools at a sufficiently high level. An original questionnaire with 31 questions was used for the study. Data were collected using the Google Forms tool. A total of 7528 students participated in the study and 5824 underwent sexual initiation. The mean age at sexual initiation was 18.1 years. Logistic regression analysis was performed to show factors influencing the onset of sexual activity, while linear regression analysis was used for factors influencing the age of sexual initiation. Religion, drug use, smoking, alcohol consumption, type of housing, and conversations with parents about contraception or sex affect the onset of sexual activity. The age of sexual initiation is affected by religion, the age of the first viewing of pornography, quality of life, the size of the city of residence, smoking and drug use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
9 pages, 340 KiB  
Review
Medications for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence—Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives from a Public Health Perspective
by Iga Stokłosa, Gniewko Więckiewicz, Maciej Stokłosa, Magdalena Piegza, Robert Pudlo and Piotr Gorczyca
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 1870; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031870 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5330
Abstract
No single effective therapy for alcohol abuse has been found, despite it being a serious sociological and economic problem for hundreds of years. It seems difficult to find a single drug as a panacea for the alcohol problem due to the complexity of [...] Read more.
No single effective therapy for alcohol abuse has been found, despite it being a serious sociological and economic problem for hundreds of years. It seems difficult to find a single drug as a panacea for the alcohol problem due to the complexity of the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence. The purpose of this narrative review is to review existing and potentially future pharmaceuticals for the treatment of alcohol dependence in the most affordable way possible. Psychotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for alcoholism, while few drugs approved by legislators are available in the augmentation of this treatment, such as acamprosate, disulfiram, and naltrexone, approved by the FDA, and nalmefene by the EMA. There are recent reports in the literature on the possibility of using baclofen, topiramate, varenicline, and gabapentin in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Moreover, the results of recent clinical trials using psychoactive substances such as psilocybin and MDMA appear to be a breakthrough in the modern treatment of alcohol abuse. Despite this initial optimism, a lot of scientific effort is still needed before new pharmacological methods supporting the treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome will be widely available. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Health Psychology)
11 pages, 347 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Factors Influencing Polish Students’ Opinions on Euthanasia
by Iga Stokłosa, Maciej Stokłosa, Gniewko Więckiewicz, Mateusz Porwolik, Maciej Bugajski, Wilhelm Masarczyk, Tomasz Męcik-Kronenberg, Magdalena Piegza, Robert Pudlo and Piotr Gorczyca
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5019; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095019 - 20 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2831
Abstract
Due to the continuous development of palliative care and methods of pain relief in the last moments of patients’ lives, we are faced with the question of how long we should take measures to delay inevitable death for, without providing prolonged therapy against [...] Read more.
Due to the continuous development of palliative care and methods of pain relief in the last moments of patients’ lives, we are faced with the question of how long we should take measures to delay inevitable death for, without providing prolonged therapy against the patient’s will. For terminally ill and people experiencing unimaginable suffering, euthanasia is considered as one of the possible options for a dignified farewell. The aim of the study was to determine the views on euthanasia in a group of students from Polish universities. Questionnaire responses were analyzed for 9686 students (79.9% of women and 20.1% of men) aged 18–35 years. Respondents were asked to complete their own questionnaire on demographic data and attitudes toward euthanasia in the case of severe terminal illness or paralysis preventing independent living. Euthanasia was significantly more acceptable among women (85% vs. 75%, p < 0.0001; 69% vs. 62%, p < 0.0001) and non-believers [98% vs. 97% (denominations other than Christian), 84% (other forms of Christianity), 69% (Roman Catholic); p < 0.0001] in every case considered. Religious affiliation was the factor that most influenced attitudes toward euthanasia. Among the other elements influencing attitudes toward euthanasia, residence and field of study were distinguished. Considering the large sample size and specific conclusions, the article should be an important argument in the discussion on euthanasia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges and Crucial Topics for 2030 Public Health)
12 pages, 319 KiB  
Article
Mercy Procedure or a Nightmare? Attitude towards Pregnancy Termination among Polish University Students
by Maciej Stokłosa, Iga Stokłosa, Mateusz Porwolik, Maciej Bugajski, Gniewko Więckiewicz, Tomasz Męcik-Kronenberg, Magdalena Piegza, Robert Pudlo and Piotr Gorczyca
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010213 - 25 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2596
Abstract
Worldwide, there are about 121 million unintended pregnancies per year. The aim of the study was to assess the attitudes in different groups of students from 40 Polish universities towards pregnancy termination. In total, 9686 university students (20.1% male and 79.9% female) took [...] Read more.
Worldwide, there are about 121 million unintended pregnancies per year. The aim of the study was to assess the attitudes in different groups of students from 40 Polish universities towards pregnancy termination. In total, 9686 university students (20.1% male and 79.9% female) took part in our research. Questions about attitudes towards abortion in all possible circumstances were involved in the survey, which also included a socio-demographic questionnaire. Overall, 94.5% of women and 90.7% of men consider that abortion should be legal in the situation of a threat to the mother’s life, while only 52% of women and 38.7% of men accept it in the case of a hard financial situation for the mother. Most students stand for abortion in the situation of a threat to the mother’s life, in the case of rape, or in the case of a mortal fetus defect. Less than half of the students interviewed consider that abortion should be legal in the case of a hard financial situation for the mother or on the mother’s demand. People who declare a religious affiliation more often disagree with abortion, even in the hardest cases such as a danger to the mother’s life or a mortal fetus defect. The factor that influences the strongest on attitudes towards abortion is being an active Roman Catholic. The majority of students have a pro-choice attitude in respect of pregnancy termination. Full article
11 pages, 557 KiB  
Review
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Psilocybin and Dimethyltryptamine in Depression Treatment: A Systematic Review
by Gniewko Więckiewicz, Iga Stokłosa, Magdalena Piegza, Piotr Gorczyca and Robert Pudlo
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(8), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14080793 - 12 Aug 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 18780
Abstract
Despite many different kinds of substances available for depression treatment, depression itself still appears to be a clinical challenge. Recently, formerly illicit substances came to scientists’ attention, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Some studies suggest that these substances might [...] Read more.
Despite many different kinds of substances available for depression treatment, depression itself still appears to be a clinical challenge. Recently, formerly illicit substances came to scientists’ attention, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Some studies suggest that these substances might be effective in depression treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of LSD, psilocybin and DMT in depression treatment in the light of current medical literature. The authors followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for this systematic review. The authors searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant publications. Finally, 10 papers were included. Most of the selected studies showed significant correlation between psilocybin and DMT use and reduction in depression symptom intensity. By analyzing qualified studies, it can be concluded that psilocybin and DMT could be useful in depression treatment, but further observations are still required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychopharmacology of Affective Disorders)
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16 pages, 339 KiB  
Article
Analysis of High-Risk Sexual Behavior among Polish University Students
by Iga Stokłosa, Maciej Stokłosa, Mateusz Porwolik, Maciej Bugajski, Gniewko Więckiewicz, Magdalena Piegza, Tomasz Męcik-Kronenberg and Piotr Gorczyca
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(7), 3737; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073737 - 2 Apr 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5183
Abstract
High-risk sexual behavior consists of activities and habits that put a person at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or unplanned pregnancy. Poland is currently experiencing a problem with increased STI rates, largely due to poor sexual education. Our exploratory study aims [...] Read more.
High-risk sexual behavior consists of activities and habits that put a person at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or unplanned pregnancy. Poland is currently experiencing a problem with increased STI rates, largely due to poor sexual education. Our exploratory study aims to evaluate the sexual behavior of students attending universities across Poland. The study covered 7678 students from 50 different faculties and universities across the country. The authors created an original questionnaire which consists of 31 questions which, among others, included demographic factors, sexual initiation, high-risk sexual behavior, STI’s and religious beliefs. 78% of students have participated in sexual activity, among them 19% of students had ‘casual sex’ consisting of intercourse without the use of a condom, 27% had participated in sexual intercourse after the consumption of alcohol. Our study found that students who are influenced by religious belief tend to engage in sexual activity into their later years. The groups most exposed to the consequences of risky sexual behavior are mostly homosexual men, bisexual women, art students, and military students. Alcohol consumption is a strong factor contributing to risky sexual behavior. Sexual education in Poland should be improved. Full article
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