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Authors = European Cattle Genetic Diversity Consortium

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33 pages, 12777 KiB  
Review
On the Breeds of Cattle—Historic and Current Classifications
by Marleen Felius, Peter A. Koolmees, Bert Theunissen, European Cattle Genetic Diversity Consortium and Johannes A. Lenstra
Diversity 2011, 3(4), 660-692; https://doi.org/10.3390/d3040660 - 9 Nov 2011
Cited by 78 | Viewed by 35748
Abstract
Classification of cattle breeds contributes to our understanding of the history of cattle and is essential for an effective conservation of genetic diversity. Here we review the various classifications over the last two centuries and compare the most recent classifications with genetic data. [...] Read more.
Classification of cattle breeds contributes to our understanding of the history of cattle and is essential for an effective conservation of genetic diversity. Here we review the various classifications over the last two centuries and compare the most recent classifications with genetic data. The classifications devised during the 19th to the late 20th century were in line with the Linnaean taxonomy and emphasized cranial or horn morphology. Subsequent classifications were based on coat color, geographic origin or molecular markers. Several theories were developed that linked breed characteristics either to a supposed ancestral aurochs subspecies or to a presumed ethnic origin. Most of the older classifications have now been discarded, but have introduced several Latin terms that are still in use. The most consistent classification was proposed in 1995 by Felius and emphasizes the geographic origin of breeds. This is largely in agreement with the breed clusters indicated by a biochemical and molecular genetic analysis, which reflect either groups of breeds with a common geographic origin or single breeds that have expanded by export and/or crossbreeding. We propose that this information is also relevant for managing the genetic diversity of cattle. Full article
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14 pages, 370 KiB  
Article
Spatial Trends of Genetic Variation of Domestic Ruminants in Europe
by Denis Laloë, Katayoun Moazami-Goudarzi, Johannes A. Lenstra, Paolo Ajmone Marsan, Pedro Azor, Roswitha Baumung, Daniel G. Bradley, Michael W. Bruford, Javier Cañón, Gaudenz Dolf, Susana Dunner, Georg Erhardt, Godfrey Hewitt, Juha Kantanen, Gabriela Obexer-Ruff, Ingrid Olsaker, Clemen Rodellar, Alessio Valentini, Pamela Wiener and ECGDCEC
Diversity 2010, 2(6), 932-945; https://doi.org/10.3390/d2060932 - 17 Jun 2010
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 16870
Abstract
The introduction of livestock species in Europe has been followed by various genetic events, which created a complex spatial pattern of genetic differentiation. Spatial principal component (sPCA) analysis and spatial metric multidimensional scaling (sMDS) incorporate geography in multivariate analysis. This method was applied [...] Read more.
The introduction of livestock species in Europe has been followed by various genetic events, which created a complex spatial pattern of genetic differentiation. Spatial principal component (sPCA) analysis and spatial metric multidimensional scaling (sMDS) incorporate geography in multivariate analysis. This method was applied to three microsatellite data sets for 45 goat breeds, 46 sheep breeds, and 101 cattle breeds from Europe, Southwest Asia, and India. The first two sPCA coordinates for goat and cattle, and the first sPCA coordinate of sheep, correspond to the coordinates of ordinary PCA analysis. However, higher sPCA coordinates suggest, for all three species, additional spatial structuring. The goat is the most geographically structured species, followed by cattle. For all three species, the main genetic cline is from southeast to northwest, but other geographic patterns depend on the species. We propose sPCA and sMDS to be useful tools for describing the correlation of genetic variation with geography. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Diversity Assessed by Molecular Methods)
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