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Authors = Christopher A. Fuchs

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25 pages, 9183 KiB  
Article
Development and Evaluation of the Forest Drought Response Index (ForDRI): An Integrated Tool for Monitoring Drought Stress Across Forest Ecosystems in the Contiguous United States
by Tsegaye Tadesse, Stephanie Connolly, Brian Wardlow, Mark Svoboda, Beichen Zhang, Brian A. Fuchs, Hasnat Aslam, Christopher Asaro, Frank H. Koch, Tonya Bernadt, Calvin Poulsen, Jeff Wisner, Jeffrey Nothwehr, Ian Ratcliffe, Kelsey Varisco, Lindsay Johnson and Curtis Riganti
Forests 2025, 16(7), 1187; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071187 - 18 Jul 2025
Viewed by 369
Abstract
Forest drought monitoring tools are crucial for managing tree water stress and enhancing ecosystem resilience. The Forest Drought Response Index (ForDRI) was developed to monitor drought conditions in forested areas across the contiguous United States (CONUS), integrating vegetation health, climate data, groundwater, and [...] Read more.
Forest drought monitoring tools are crucial for managing tree water stress and enhancing ecosystem resilience. The Forest Drought Response Index (ForDRI) was developed to monitor drought conditions in forested areas across the contiguous United States (CONUS), integrating vegetation health, climate data, groundwater, and soil moisture content. This study evaluated ForDRI using Pearson correlations with the Bowen Ratio (BR) at 24 AmeriFlux sites and Spearman correlations with the Tree-Ring Growth Index (TRSGI) at 135 sites, along with feedback from 58 stakeholders. CONUS was divided into four forest subgroups: (1) the West/Pacific Northwest, (2) Rocky Mountains/Southwest, (3) East/Northeast, and (4) South/Central/Southeast Forest regions. Strong positive ForDRI-TRSGI correlations (ρ > 0.7, p < 0.05) were observed in the western regions, where drought significantly impacts growth, while moderate alignment with BR (R = 0.35–0.65, p < 0.05) was noted. In contrast, correlations in Eastern and Southern forests were weak to moderate (ρ = 0.4–0.6 for TRSGI and R = 0.1–0.3 for BR). Stakeholders’ feedback indicated that ForDRI realistically maps historical drought years and recent trends, though suggestions for improvements, including trend maps and enhanced visualizations, were made. ForDRI is a valuable complementary tool for monitoring forest droughts and informing management decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Extremes on Forests)
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9 pages, 1116 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Physeal Fractures from the United States National Trauma Data Bank
by Joseph R. Fuchs, Romie F. Gibly, Christopher B. Erickson, Stacey M. Thomas, Nancy Hadley Miller and Karin A. Payne
Children 2022, 9(6), 914; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060914 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4378
Abstract
Background: Pediatric long-bone physeal fractures can lead to growth deformities. Previous studies have reported that physeal fractures make up 18–30% of total fractures. This study aimed to characterize physeal fractures with respect to sex, age, anatomic location, and Salter–Harris (SH) classification from a [...] Read more.
Background: Pediatric long-bone physeal fractures can lead to growth deformities. Previous studies have reported that physeal fractures make up 18–30% of total fractures. This study aimed to characterize physeal fractures with respect to sex, age, anatomic location, and Salter–Harris (SH) classification from a current multicenter national database. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the 2016 United States National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). Patients ≤ 18 years of age with a fracture of the humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, or fibula were included. Results: The NTDB captured 132,018 patients and 58,015 total fractures. Physeal fractures made up 5.7% (3291) of all long-bone fractures, with males accounting for 71.0% (2338). Lower extremity physeal injuries comprised 58.6% (1929) of all physeal fractures. The most common site of physeal injury was the tibia comprising 31.8% (1047), 73.9% (774) of which were distal tibia fractures. Physeal fractures were greatest at 11 years of age for females and 14 years of age for males. Most fractures were SH Type II fractures. Discussion and Conclusions: Our analysis indicates that 5.7% of pediatric long-bone fractures involved the physis, with the distal tibia being the most common. These findings suggest a lower incidence of physeal fractures than previous studies and warrant further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Fractures)
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20 pages, 344 KiB  
Review
The SIC Question: History and State of Play
by Christopher A. Fuchs, Michael C. Hoang and Blake C. Stacey
Axioms 2017, 6(3), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms6030021 - 18 Jul 2017
Cited by 161 | Viewed by 11482
Abstract
Recent years have seen significant advances in the study of symmetric informationally complete (SIC) quantum measurements, also known as maximal sets of complex equiangular lines. Previously, the published record contained solutions up to dimension 67, and was with high confidence complete up through [...] Read more.
Recent years have seen significant advances in the study of symmetric informationally complete (SIC) quantum measurements, also known as maximal sets of complex equiangular lines. Previously, the published record contained solutions up to dimension 67, and was with high confidence complete up through dimension 50. Computer calculations have now furnished solutions in all dimensions up to 151, and in several cases beyond that, as large as dimension 844. These new solutions exhibit an additional type of symmetry beyond the basic definition of a SIC, and so verify a conjecture of Zauner in many new cases. The solutions in dimensions 68 through 121 were obtained by Andrew Scott, and his catalogue of distinct solutions is, with high confidence, complete up to dimension 90. Additional results in dimensions 122 through 151 were calculated by the authors using Scott’s code. We recap the history of the problem, outline how the numerical searches were done, and pose some conjectures on how the search technique could be improved. In order to facilitate communication across disciplinary boundaries, we also present a comprehensive bibliography of SIC research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wavelet and Frame Constructions, with Applications)
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9 pages, 227 KiB  
Article
Symmetric Informationally-Complete Quantum States as Analogues to Orthonormal Bases and Minimum-Uncertainty States
by D. Marcus Appleby, Hoan Bui Dang and Christopher A. Fuchs
Entropy 2014, 16(3), 1484-1492; https://doi.org/10.3390/e16031484 - 14 Mar 2014
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 6880
Abstract
Recently there has been much effort in the quantum information community to prove (or disprove) the existence of symmetric informationally complete (SIC) sets of quantum states in arbitrary finite dimension. This paper strengthens the urgency of this question by showing that if SIC-sets [...] Read more.
Recently there has been much effort in the quantum information community to prove (or disprove) the existence of symmetric informationally complete (SIC) sets of quantum states in arbitrary finite dimension. This paper strengthens the urgency of this question by showing that if SIC-sets exist: (1) by a natural measure of orthonormality, they are as close to being an orthonormal basis for the space of density operators as possible; and (2) in prime dimensions, the standard construction for complete sets of mutually unbiased bases and Weyl-Heisenberg covariant SIC-sets are intimately related: The latter represent minimum uncertainty states for the former in the sense of Wootters and Sussman. Finally, we contribute to the question of existence by conjecturing a quadratic redundancy in the equations for Weyl-Heisenberg SIC-sets. Full article
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