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Authors = Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral ORCID = 0000-0001-7252-1946

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13 pages, 1917 KiB  
Article
Canine Distemper Virus in Tigers (Panthera tigris) and Leopards (P. pardus) in Nepal
by Jessica Bodgener, Amir Sadaula, Parbat Jung Thapa, Bhijay Kumar Shrestha, Kamal Prasad Gairhe, Suraj Subedi, Kiran Raj Rijal, Purushotam Pandey, Janardan Dev Joshi, Prakriti Kandel, Babu Ram Lamichane, Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral, Naresh Subedi, Ram Chandra Kandel, Himal Luitel, Navapon Techakriengkrai and Martin Gilbert
Pathogens 2023, 12(2), 203; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020203 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 8380
Abstract
From wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Serengeti to tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in the Russian Far East, canine distemper virus (CDV) has been repeatedly identified as a threat to wild carnivores. Between 2020 and 2022, six Indian leopards (P. pardus fusca [...] Read more.
From wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Serengeti to tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in the Russian Far East, canine distemper virus (CDV) has been repeatedly identified as a threat to wild carnivores. Between 2020 and 2022, six Indian leopards (P. pardus fusca) presented to Nepali authorities with fatal neurological disease, consistent with CDV. Here, we report the findings of a serosurvey of wild felids from Nepal. A total of 48 serum samples were tested, comprising 28 Bengal tigers (P. t. tigris) and 20 Indian leopards. Neutralizing antibodies were identified in three tigers and six leopards, equating to seroprevalences of 11% (CI: 2.8–29.3%, n = 28) and 30% (CI: 12.8–54.3%, n = 20), respectively. More than one-third of seropositive animals were symptomatic, and three died within a week of being sampled. The predation of domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) has been posited as a potential route of infection. A comparison of existing diet studies revealed that while leopards in Nepal frequently predate on dogs, tigers do not, potentially supporting this hypothesis. However, further work, including molecular analyses, would be needed to confirm this. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Canine Distemper Virus Infection)
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21 pages, 6109 KiB  
Article
Cookstove Smoke Impact on Ambient Air Quality and Probable Consequences for Human Health in Rural Locations of Southern Nepal
by Sagar Adhikari, Parth Sarathi Mahapatra, Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral and Siva Praveen Puppala
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(2), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020550 - 15 Jan 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5768
Abstract
Residential emission from traditional biomass cookstoves is a major source of indoor and outdoor air pollution in developing countries. However, exact quantification of the contribution of biomass cookstove emissions to outdoor air is still lacking. In order to address this gap, we designed [...] Read more.
Residential emission from traditional biomass cookstoves is a major source of indoor and outdoor air pollution in developing countries. However, exact quantification of the contribution of biomass cookstove emissions to outdoor air is still lacking. In order to address this gap, we designed a field study to estimate the emission factors of PM2.5 (particulate matter of less than 2.5 µ diameter) and BC (black carbon) indoors, from cookstove smoke using biomass fuel and with smoke escaping outdoors from the roof of the house. The field study was conducted in four randomly selected households in two rural locations of southern Nepal during April 2017. In addition, real-time measurement of ambient PM2.5 was performed for 20 days during the campaign in those two rural sites and one background location to quantify the contribution of cooking-related emissions to the ambient PM2.5. Emission factor estimates indicate that 66% of PM2.5 and 80% of BC emissions from biomass cookstoves directly escape into ambient air. During the cooking period, ambient PM2.5 concentrations in the rural sites were observed to be 37% higher than in the nearby background location. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO)’s AirQ+ model simulation, this 37% rise in ambient PM2.5 during cooking hours can lead to approximately 82 cases of annual premature deaths among the rural population of Chitwan district. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Health Studies with Remote Sensing Technologies: Exposure Assessment and Health Outcomes)
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