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32 pages, 33622 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications

by Alireza Ghasempour, Hamideh Dehghan, Mehrnaz Ataee, Bozhi Chen, Zeqiang Zhao, Mahsa Sedighi, Xindong Guo and Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi

Molecules 2023, 28(9), 3857; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093857 - 2 May 2023

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 10582

Abstract

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) have been employed in various fields of nanobiotechnology due to their proven biomedical properties. They are unique in their properties due to their size and shape, and they are popular in the area of biosensors, bioimaging, and antibacterial and anticancer applications. Most CdS NPs are generally synthesized through chemical, physical, or biological methods. Among these methods, biogenic synthesis has attracted more attention due to its high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and biocompatibility features. The green approach was found to be superior to other methods in terms of maintaining the structural characteristics needed for optimal biomedical applications. The size and coating components of CdS NPs play a crucial role in their biomedical activities, such as anticancer, antibacterial, bioimaging, and biosensing applications. CdS NPs have gained significant interest in bioimaging due to their desirable properties, including good dispersion, cell integrity preservation, and efficient light scattering. Despite these, further studies are necessary, particularly in vivo studies to reduce NPs’ toxicity. This review discusses the different methods of synthesis, how CdS NPs are characterized, and their applications in the biomedical field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Nanomaterials for Therapy and Imaging)

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52 pages, 11244 KiB

Open AccessReview

Multifunctional Self-Assembled Peptide Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

by Mahsa Sedighi, Neha Shrestha, Zahra Mahmoudi, Zahra Khademi, Alireza Ghasempour, Hamideh Dehghan, Seyedeh Fahimeh Talebi, Maryam Toolabi, Véronique Préat, Bozhi Chen, Xindong Guo and Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi

Polymers 2023, 15(5), 1160; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051160 - 25 Feb 2023

Cited by 63 | Viewed by 8039

Abstract

Self-assembly is a growth mechanism in nature to apply local interactions forming a minimum energy structure. Currently, self-assembled materials are considered for biomedical applications due to their pleasant features, including scalability, versatility, simplicity, and inexpensiveness. Self-assembled peptides can be applied to design and fabricate different structures, such as micelles, hydrogels, and vesicles, by diverse physical interactions between specific building blocks. Among them, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of peptide hydrogels have introduced them as versatile platforms in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing, and treating different diseases. Moreover, peptides are capable of mimicking the microenvironment of natural tissues and responding to internal and external stimuli for triggered drug release. In the current review, the unique characteristics of peptide hydrogels and recent advances in their design, fabrication, as well as chemical, physical, and biological properties are presented. Additionally, recent developments of these biomaterials are discussed with a particular focus on their biomedical applications in targeted drug delivery and gene delivery, stem cell therapy, cancer therapy and immune regulation, bioimaging, and regenerative medicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Intelligent Hydrogel)

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12 pages, 2627 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

CO₂ Utilization via Integration of an Industrial Post-Combustion Capture Process with a Urea Plant: Process Modelling and Sensitivity Analysis

by Reza Shirmohammadi, Alireza Aslani, Roghayeh Ghasempour and Luis M. Romeo

Processes 2020, 8(9), 1144; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8091144 - 13 Sep 2020

Cited by 51 | Viewed by 13719

Abstract

Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) may offer a response to climate change mitigation from major industrial emitters. CCU can turn waste CO₂ emissions into valuable products such as chemicals and fuels. Consequently, attention has been paid to petrochemical industries as one of the best options for CCU. The largest industrial CO₂ removal monoethanol amine-based plant in Iran has been simulated with the aid of a chemical process simulator, i.e., Aspen HYSYS^® v.10. The thermodynamic properties are calculated with the acid gas property package models, which are available in Aspen HYSYS^®. The results of simulation are validated by the actual data provided by Kermanshah Petrochemical Industries Co. Results show that there is a good agreement between simulated results and real performance of the plant under different operational conditions. The main parameters such as capture efficiency in percent, the heat consumption in MJ/kg CO₂ removed, and the working capacity of the plant are calculated as a function of inlet pressure and temperature of absorber column. The best case occurred at the approximate temperature of 40 to 42 °C and atmospheric pressure with CO₂ removal of 80.8 to 81.2%; working capacity of 0.232 to 0.233; and heat consumption of 4.78 MJ/kg CO₂. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluid Dynamics, Multi Phase Flow, and Thermal Recovery Methods)

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12 pages, 395 KiB

Open AccessReview

Internet of Things in Smart Grid: Architecture, Applications, Services, Key Technologies, and Challenges

by Alireza Ghasempour

Inventions 2019, 4(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions4010022 - 26 Mar 2019

Cited by 524 | Viewed by 32964

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) is a connection of people and things at any time, in any place, with anyone and anything, using any network and any service. Thus, IoT is a huge dynamic global network infrastructure of Internet-enabled entities with web services. One of the most important applications of IoT is the Smart Grid (SG). SG is a data communications network which is integrated with the power grid to collect and analyze data that are acquired from transmission lines, distribution substations, and consumers. In this paper, we talk about IoT and SG and their relationship. Some IoT architectures in SG, requirements for using IoT in SG, IoT applications and services in SG, and challenges and future work are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies Enabling Smart Grid)

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