Low Temperature Physics, Pioneer of Chinese Low Temperature Physics and Cryogenics—In Memory of Prof. Dr. Chaosheng Hong (C.S. Hung)

A special issue of Cryo (ISSN 3042-4860).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 October 2025 | Viewed by 1204

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: low temperature physics; applied superconductivity; gas industry; cryogenic materials

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Guest Editor
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: cryogenic structural materials

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Guest Editor
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: cryogenic materials; history of natural science; the spirit of scientists

Special Issue Information

Prof. Dr. Chaosheng Hong (C.S. Hung)

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Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is dedicated to the memory of our colleague and friend Prof. Dr. Chaosheng Hong (C.S. Hung), who was born in 1920 and passed away in 2018. He obtained his PhD from the MIT in 1948 and then worked at Purdue University and at Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory. He measured the anomalous resistivity and Hall effect of impure semiconductors (germanium) at low temperature in 1950 and published the meaningful paper “Resistivity and Hall effect of germanium at low temperatures” in 1954, in which he proposed the phenomenological model of electronic conduction via the impurity states in the forbidden band. This paper is considered to be a pioneering work of electronic transport mechanisms in disordered systems. On the basis of Hung’s discovery, the theory of Anderson Localization was established in 1958. Anderson and Mott shared the 1977 Nobel Physics Prize with John H. Van Vleck for their theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems. Fritzsche, supervised by Hung, won the 1989 Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Award.

Since 1951, he founded the first cryogenic laboratory in China and became a pioneer of low temperature physics and cryogenics. Prof. Dr. Hong has given fundamental contributions to low temperature physics, applied superconductivity, space technology, gas industry, cryogenic materials, and cryobiology. Prof. Dr. Hong was recognized with a number of awards, such as being awarded the Academician in the Chinese Academy of Sciences (1980), the Mendelssohn Award (2000), and the Samuel. C. Collins Award (2011). 

This Special Issue will include original papers, short communications, and review papers on subjects related to the research fields where Prof. Dr. Hong has been active, mainly low temperature physics, applied superconductivity, space technology, gas industry, cryogenic materials, and cryobiology.

All these research subjects are still very active subjects of the current research in physics and cryogenic technology.

Prof. Dr. Laifeng Li
Prof. Dr. Chuanjun Huang
Dr. Feng Feng
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • low temperature physics
  • spacecraft thermal control
  • space environment simulation
  • magnetic confinement fusion
  • high energy accelerator
  • superconducting magnetic separation
  • magnet resonance imaging
  • nuclear magnetic resonance
  • superconducting filter
  • superconducting transition edge detector
  • superconducting single photon detector
  • air separation
  • helium cryogenics
  • hydrogen liquefaction
  • liquefied natural gas
  • cryogenic structural material
  • solid state refrigeration
  • abnormal thermal expansion
  • principle and application of cryobiology
  • instrumentation in cryosurgery and cryobiology
  • cell cryobiology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 1691 KB  
Editorial
Chaosheng Hong: The Pioneer of Cryogenics in China
by Feng Feng and Laifeng Li
Cryo 2025, 1(3), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryo1030010 - 29 Aug 2025
Viewed by 283
Abstract
Chaosheng Hong (1920–2018) was a research professor at the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Figure 1) [...] Full article
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Review

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12 pages, 2478 KB  
Review
Technology and Development of Hydrogen–Helium Cryogenics Created by Hong Chaosheng
by Zhongjun Hu
Cryo 2025, 1(3), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryo1030011 - 30 Aug 2025
Viewed by 436
Abstract
Professor Hong Chaosheng, as the founding figure and pioneer of China’s hydrogen and helium cryogenic technology, played a pivotal role in advancing this field from its inception to global competitiveness. This paper systematically reviews the seven-decade-long cryogenic research trajectory of the Technical Institute [...] Read more.
Professor Hong Chaosheng, as the founding figure and pioneer of China’s hydrogen and helium cryogenic technology, played a pivotal role in advancing this field from its inception to global competitiveness. This paper systematically reviews the seven-decade-long cryogenic research trajectory of the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS (formerly the Cryogenic Technology Experimental Center), with particular emphasis on milestone scientific achievements and their significant applications. In the 1960s, the Institute’s breakthrough in long-piston-expander-precooled helium liquefaction technology provided critical support for China’s space technology and superconductivity research. Since the 21st century, building upon Professor Hong’s academic legacy, the Institute has successively overcome core technological challenges in developing high-speed helium turbine expanders, high-efficiency oil-flooded screw compressors, and superfluid helium temperature refrigeration systems. These innovations have yielded a complete series of large-scale cryogenic equipment with independent intellectual property rights. These advancements have been successfully applied in national megaprojects such as neutron sources and superconducting magnet testing facilities, with some technical parameters reaching internationally leading standards. Looking ahead, with the rapid development of quantum computing and fusion energy, China’s hydrogen–helium cryogenic technology will continue to optimize equipment performance while expanding application frontiers through enhanced international collaboration, thereby making greater contributions to cutting-edge scientific research and clean energy development. Full article
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