Control of Use of Pesticides and Their Impact on Consumer Health

A special issue of Agrochemicals (ISSN 2813-3145).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2025) | Viewed by 3822

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Retired, Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: pesticide residues; food safety; quality control; quality assurance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Agrochemicals, a leading international, peer-reviewed, open access journal, welcomes submissions for a Special Issue focusing on the control of the use of pesticides and their effects on consumer health.

At the current technological level, pesticides are required in large-scale food production in order to obtain sufficient and good-quality food. Inherently toxic pesticides are deliberately applied, and in most cases, their residues should remain in/on the target objects in order to deliver the desired functions. This raises food and environmental safety concerns. Therefore, their residues are regularly monitored in food and environmental samples in order to control their safe and efficient use. Reliable and accurate results can only be obtained by analysing representative samples with fully validated methods in combination with efficient internal quality control. Such results can be employed to assess the safe and efficient application of pesticides, the dietary exposure of consumers and, if necessary, make regulatory measures to limit potential risks.

This Special Issue provides a forum for publishing results and linking them together to enable their joint evaluation for making the best of their utilization. Moreover, it aims to cover research and comprehensive reviews on the practical use, monitoring, and impact of pesticides, with a particular focus on the following issues:

  1. Pesticide residue monitoring in food and feed:
    • Report the results of pesticide residue monitoring in food and feed commodities;
    • Assess the compliance of residue levels with national and or targeted export market MRLs.
  2. Multiple pesticide residues in samples of food commodities:
    • Detail the occurrence of multiple pesticide residues in food samples;
    • Discuss multi-residue methods that can identify and quantify unknown pesticide residues present at concentrations below 0.01 mg/kg;
    • Explore the uptake of residues from soil by subsequent crops;
    • Study the decline rate of pesticide active substances from the time of their last application to the time of harvest.
  3. Evaluation of the plant protection practice:
    • Analyze the ongoing plant protection practice considering the types and concentrations of pesticide residues detected in plant commodities.
  4. Estimation of consumer exposure:
    • Estimate the exposure of consumers to pesticide residues based on the results of analyses of samples taken at the markets or fields at the time of harvest.
  5. Field trials on Speciality Crops:
    • Conduct field trials on specialty crops to collect data for establishing MRLs or assessing the suitability of MRLs for related major crops;
    • Design experiments in line with the OECD Guidance Document on Crop Field Trials No. 66, 2nd ed. 2016 https://doi.org/10.1787/2794fdd6-en.
  6. Quality Control in Analytical Process
    • Report the quality control of regular analytical processes and verify the method performance parameters, particularly their long-term reproducibility based on using incurred residues.

Prof. Dr. Árpád Ámbrus
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pesticide residues, food, feed and environmental samples
  • compliance with national and export MRLs
  • quality control of analytical methods
  • assessment of consumers’ exposure

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1734 KB  
Article
Invisible Threats to Food Security: Analysis of Dithiocarbamate Residues in Foods Consumed in Brazil (2001–2023)
by Yan Lucas Leite and Elizângela Aparecida dos Santos
Agrochemicals 2026, 5(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals5010005 - 21 Jan 2026
Viewed by 583
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive long-term assessment of dithiocarbamate (DTC) fungicide residues in foods consumed in Brazil, analyzing nearly two decades of official monitoring data from the Pesticide Residue Analysis Program (PARA/ANVISA) from 2001 to 2023. By integrating fragmented annual reports into a [...] Read more.
This study provides a comprehensive long-term assessment of dithiocarbamate (DTC) fungicide residues in foods consumed in Brazil, analyzing nearly two decades of official monitoring data from the Pesticide Residue Analysis Program (PARA/ANVISA) from 2001 to 2023. By integrating fragmented annual reports into a single temporal framework, this study offers a novel evaluation of detection frequencies, residue levels, and regulatory compliance over time. Of the 21,274 samples analyzed, 23.90% contained residues of these fungicides. Papaya showed the highest detection frequency (92.59%) in 2005, while apple showed the highest average percentage of detections (51.68%). Lettuce showed the highest residual levels (10.05 mg kg−1) in samples from the 2017–2018 cycle, despite the lack of authorization for the use of these products in this crop. Strawberries and carrots showed concentrations above the maximum residue limit (MRL), with excesses. Residues of unauthorized pesticides were also detected in crops such as guava, pineapple, and sweet potato. Temporal correlations between detections and residues indicated significant variations among the foods evaluated, with potatoes, strawberries, and lettuce showing the highest residual levels. An overall declining trend in detections and residue concentrations was observed throughout the analyzed period, potentially reflecting improvements in regulatory oversight, agricultural practices, and analytical sensitivity over time. From a public health perspective, the persistence of elevated residues and unauthorized uses highlights the need for continuous surveillance, strengthened enforcement, and risk communication strategies to ensure food safety and consumer protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Use of Pesticides and Their Impact on Consumer Health)
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24 pages, 1241 KB  
Article
Patterns, Practices, and Socio-Environmental Dynamics of Pesticide Use in the Horticultural Value Chain: Insights from Smallholder Farmers and Agro-Input Sellers in Iringa and Njombe, Southern Highlands, Tanzania
by Peter Martin Chilipweli, Elias C. Nyanza and Aiwerasia Vera Ngowi
Agrochemicals 2025, 4(4), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals4040021 - 3 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1767
Abstract
Background: The use of pesticides among smallholder farmers, agrochemical sellers, and agricultural officers involves a complex interplay of knowledge, economic factors, and regulatory frameworks. Therefore, this study explores the patterns, practices, and socio-environmental dynamics of pesticide use among smallholder farmers and agro-input sellers [...] Read more.
Background: The use of pesticides among smallholder farmers, agrochemical sellers, and agricultural officers involves a complex interplay of knowledge, economic factors, and regulatory frameworks. Therefore, this study explores the patterns, practices, and socio-environmental dynamics of pesticide use among smallholder farmers and agro-input sellers in Iringa and Njombe. Method: This study employed a qualitative, phenomenological design, guided by the socio-ecological model (SEM), to explore the lived experience of farmers, agro-dealers, and extension officers. It involved a total of 23 interviews performed in the Njombe and Iringa regions. Data were collected between October 2024 and March 2025, using a combination of in-depth phenomenological interviews, key informant interviews, and field observations, and were categorized into themes and subthemes analyzed using InVivo. Results: The study involved a total of 23 participants drawn from the Iringa and Njombe regions. The gender distribution was nearly balanced, with 52.1% male and 47.8% female respondents. The mean age of participants was 33 years (95% CI: 29.3–37.3). In terms of education, over half (52.17%) had completed primary school. The findings show that smallholders in Iringa and Njombe widely use mixed pesticides and fertilizers, rely on trusted brands, and adapt to climate impacts, but face challenges with regard to unsafe mixing, poor storage, fake products, and weak regulation, highlighting the need for better education, market oversight, and safer practices. Conclusion: Using the socio-ecological model, the findings indicate that pesticide use among smallholder horticultural farmers in Iringa and Njombe is influenced by a complex interaction of socio-economic constraints, market forces, climate variability, and institutional shortcomings. Although farmers have some awareness of safe practices, systemic barriers continue to limit the adoption of sustainable pesticide management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Use of Pesticides and Their Impact on Consumer Health)
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