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Polymers
Volume 13
Issue 3
10.3390/polym13030392
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Review

Recent Advances in the Rejection of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds from Water Using Membrane and Membrane Bioreactor Technologies: A Review

by
Kamil Kayode Katibi
1,2,
Khairul Faezah Yunos
3,*,
Hasfalina Che Man
2,
Ahmad Zaharin Aris
4,5,
Mohd Zuhair bin Mohd Nor
3 and
Rabaah Syahidah binti Azis
6,7
1
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Kwara State University, Malete 23431, Nigeria
2
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Department of Food and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
4
Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
5
Material Processing and Technology Laboratory (MPTL), Institute of Advance Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
6
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
7
Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2021, 13(3), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030392
Submission received: 22 October 2020 / Revised: 20 November 2020 / Accepted: 27 November 2020 / Published: 27 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites)
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Abstract

Water is a critical resource necessary for life to be sustained, and its availability should be secured, appropriated, and easily obtainable. The continual detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (ng/L or µg/L) in water and wastewater has attracted critical concerns among the regulatory authorities and general public, due to its associated public health, ecological risks, and a threat to global water quality. Presently, there is a lack of stringent discharge standards regulating the emerging multiclass contaminants to obviate its possible undesirable impacts. The conventional treatment processes have reportedly ineffectual in eliminating the persistent EDCs pollutants, necessitating the researchers to develop alternative treatment methods. Occurrences of the EDCs and the attributed effects on humans and the environment are adequately reviewed. It indicated that comprehensive information on the recent advances in the rejection of EDCs via a novel membrane and membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment techniques are still lacking. This paper critically studies and reports on recent advances in the membrane and MBR treatment methods for removing EDCs, fouling challenges, and its mitigation strategies. The removal mechanisms and the operating factors influencing the EDCs remediation were also examined. Membranes and MBR approaches have proven successful and viable to eliminate various EDCs contaminants.
Keywords: endocrine disrupting compounds; occurrences; membrane processes; removal mechanisms; membrane bioreactor (MBR) process; fouling mitigation endocrine disrupting compounds; occurrences; membrane processes; removal mechanisms; membrane bioreactor (MBR) process; fouling mitigation
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MDPI and ACS Style

Katibi, K.K.; Yunos, K.F.; Che Man, H.; Aris, A.Z.; bin Mohd Nor, M.Z.; binti Azis, R.S. Recent Advances in the Rejection of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds from Water Using Membrane and Membrane Bioreactor Technologies: A Review. Polymers 2021, 13, 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030392

AMA Style

Katibi KK, Yunos KF, Che Man H, Aris AZ, bin Mohd Nor MZ, binti Azis RS. Recent Advances in the Rejection of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds from Water Using Membrane and Membrane Bioreactor Technologies: A Review. Polymers. 2021; 13(3):392. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030392

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katibi, Kamil Kayode, Khairul Faezah Yunos, Hasfalina Che Man, Ahmad Zaharin Aris, Mohd Zuhair bin Mohd Nor, and Rabaah Syahidah binti Azis. 2021. "Recent Advances in the Rejection of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds from Water Using Membrane and Membrane Bioreactor Technologies: A Review" Polymers 13, no. 3: 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030392

APA Style

Katibi, K. K., Yunos, K. F., Che Man, H., Aris, A. Z., bin Mohd Nor, M. Z., & binti Azis, R. S. (2021). Recent Advances in the Rejection of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds from Water Using Membrane and Membrane Bioreactor Technologies: A Review. Polymers, 13(3), 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030392

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