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Volume 14
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10.52010/ijom.1988.14.2.2
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International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy is published by MDPI from Volume 51 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with the previous journal publisher.
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Article

Prevalence of Oral Muscle and Speech Differences in Orthodontic Patients

by
Sue T. Hale
,
Gloria D. Kellum
and
F. Watt Bishop
Department of Communicative Disorders, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 1988, 14(2), 6-10; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1988.14.2.2
Submission received: 1 July 1988 / Revised: 1 July 1988 / Accepted: 1 July 1988 / Published: 1 July 1988

Abstract

Introduction. Four years of observations of speech and oral muscle patterns in orthodontic patients have led the examiners to expect certain factors to occur frequently. These factors include open-mouth posture, low forward tongue position at rest, llnguadental instead of linguaalveolar articulatory placement, linguadental tongue position and lip movement during swallowing, upper lip restriction, mentalis wrinkling, frenum restriction, negative oral habits, and articulation and voice disorders. The emergence of these predictable patterns suggested the need for a systematic study of their occurrence. Thus, the incidences of speech differences, negative oral behaviors, and muscle factors identified as correlates to abnormal oral muscle, skeletal, and dental growth were examined in a retrospective study of the records of 229 orthodontic patients, the entire number of new patients reporting for records appointments to an orthodontic practice within a calendar year.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hale, S.T.; Kellum, G.D.; Bishop, F.W. Prevalence of Oral Muscle and Speech Differences in Orthodontic Patients. Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 1988, 14, 6-10. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1988.14.2.2

AMA Style

Hale ST, Kellum GD, Bishop FW. Prevalence of Oral Muscle and Speech Differences in Orthodontic Patients. International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy. 1988; 14(2):6-10. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1988.14.2.2

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hale, Sue T., Gloria D. Kellum, and F. Watt Bishop. 1988. "Prevalence of Oral Muscle and Speech Differences in Orthodontic Patients" International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy 14, no. 2: 6-10. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1988.14.2.2

APA Style

Hale, S. T., Kellum, G. D., & Bishop, F. W. (1988). Prevalence of Oral Muscle and Speech Differences in Orthodontic Patients. International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy, 14(2), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1988.14.2.2

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