Current Technologies and Target Crops: A Review on Australian Protected Cropping
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Current Techniques and Technologies in Protected Cropping
2.1. New Technologies for Low-Tech Poly-Tunnels
2.2. Upgrading Medium-Tech Greenhouses with Innovations and New Technologies
2.3. Innovations of Science and Technology for High-Tech Greenhouses
2.4. Developing Vertical Farms for Future Needs
3. Target Crops in Protected Cropping
- Those that grow on vines or bushes (tomato, strawberry, raspberry, blueberry, cucumber, capsicum, grape, kiwifruit);
- High-value specialist crops (hops, vanilla, saffron, coffee);
- Medicinal and cosmetic crops (seaweed, Echinacea);
- Small trees (cherries, chocolate, mango, almonds) are other viable options [13].
3.1. Existing Crops Grown in Low, Medium and High-Tech Facilities
3.2. Industry Survey: Where Do Participants’ Interests Lie?
3.3. Breeding New Cultivars for Controlled-Environment Facilities
4. Challenges and Opportunities in Protected Cropping and Indoor Farming
- High capital costs, due to high land prices in inner-urban and peri-urban areas;
- High energy consumption;
- Demand for skilled labour;
- Disease management without chemical controls; and
- Development of nutritional quality indexes—to define and certify quality aspects of the produce—for crops grown indoors.
4.1. Optimal Conditions for High Productivity and Efficient Resource Use
4.2. Pest and Disease Management
4.3. Crop Quality and Nutritional Values
4.4. Employment and Skilled-Labour Availability
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chavan, S.G.; Chen, Z.-H.; Ghannoum, O.; Cazzonelli, C.I.; Tissue, D.T. Current Technologies and Target Crops: A Review on Australian Protected Cropping. Crops 2022, 2, 172-185. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops2020013
Chavan SG, Chen Z-H, Ghannoum O, Cazzonelli CI, Tissue DT. Current Technologies and Target Crops: A Review on Australian Protected Cropping. Crops. 2022; 2(2):172-185. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops2020013
Chicago/Turabian StyleChavan, Sachin G., Zhong-Hua Chen, Oula Ghannoum, Christopher I. Cazzonelli, and David T. Tissue. 2022. "Current Technologies and Target Crops: A Review on Australian Protected Cropping" Crops 2, no. 2: 172-185. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops2020013