Meta-Material Layout for the Protection of Buried Steel Pipes against Surface Explosion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background
2.1. Definition of the Frequency Domain
2.2. Simplification on the Analytical Simulation Model of Surface Explosion
3. Methodology and Materials
3.1. Periodic Materials’ Theory
3.2. Materials and Layout Structure
3.3. Analytical and Numerical Results
4. Finite Element Modelling
4.1. Soil Modelling
4.2. Blast Pressure Loading and Case Studies
5. Results
5.1. Vertical Displacements in the Pipe Crown
5.2. Horizontal Displacements in the Pipe Spring Line
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Material 1 Polyurethane Foam | Material 2 Rubber |
---|---|---|
Density ρ (kg/m3) | 900 | 1300 |
Young’s Modulus E (Pa) | 1.47 × 108 | 58,000 |
Poisson’s ratio ν | 0.42 | 0.463 |
Attenuation Zone No. | Frequency Range (Hz) |
---|---|
1 | 24–39 |
2 | 54–78 |
3 | 88–117 |
4 | 124–156 |
5 | 162–195 |
Properties | Values |
---|---|
Density ρ (kg/m3) | 1920 |
Young’s Modulus E (MPa) | 51.7 |
Poisson’s ratio ν | 0.45 |
Material cohesion d (MPa) | 0.036 |
Material angle of friction β | 24 |
Cap eccentricity R | 0.02 |
Initial cap yield surface position εv | 0.02 |
Transition surface radius a | 0.0 |
Cap hardening behavior (stress vs. plastic strain) (MPa vs. %) | 2.75, 0.00 4.83, 0.02 5.15, 0.04 6.20, 0.08 |
Case No. | Subcase | TNT Charge (kg) | Distance from Pipe (m) | Height above Ground Surface (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | a | 100 | 5.00 | 0.50 |
b | 200 | 5.00 | 0.50 | |
c | 400 | 5.00 | 0.50 | |
2 | a | 100 | 2.50 | 0.50 |
b | 200 | 2.50 | 0.50 | |
c | 400 | 2.50 | 0.50 | |
3 | a | 100 | 5.00 | 0.60 |
b | 200 | 5.00 | 0.60 | |
c | 400 | 5.00 | 0.60 |
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Kontogeorgos, M.; Fuggini, C. Meta-Material Layout for the Protection of Buried Steel Pipes against Surface Explosion. Geotechnics 2022, 2, 427-440. https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics2020020
Kontogeorgos M, Fuggini C. Meta-Material Layout for the Protection of Buried Steel Pipes against Surface Explosion. Geotechnics. 2022; 2(2):427-440. https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics2020020
Chicago/Turabian StyleKontogeorgos, Miltiadis, and Clemente Fuggini. 2022. "Meta-Material Layout for the Protection of Buried Steel Pipes against Surface Explosion" Geotechnics 2, no. 2: 427-440. https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics2020020