Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability Assessment Using the GALDIT and the Modified GALDIT–AHP Methods: Application in the Coastal Almyros Aquifer, Thessaly, Greece †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Method GALDIT
2.2. AHP Method
2.3. Spearman’s Rank Correlation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Calculation of Vulnerability Index GALDIT and Modified GALDIT–AHP
3.2. Sperman Rank Correlation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Lepuri, S. Vulnerability of Aquifers of Agricultural and Coastal Basins Due to Nitrate Pollution and Seawater Intrusion. The case of Almyros Basin, Magnesia, Greece. Master Thesis, School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lepuri, S.; Loukas, A.; Lyra, A.; Voudouris, K. Aquifer vulnerability to nitrate pollution using the canter and drastic methods: The case of almyros in thessaly, greece. Presented at the International Hydrogeological Congress of Greece and Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, 20–22 March 2022. [Google Scholar]
- Lyra, A.; Loukas, A.; Sidiropoulos, P.; Tziatzios, G.; Mylopoulos, N. An Integrated Modeling System for the Evaluation of Water Resources in Coastal Agricultural Watersheds: Application in Almyros Basin, Thessaly, Greece. Water 2021, 13, 268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lyra, A.; Loukas, A.; Sidiropoulos, P.; Mylopoulos, N.; Voudouris, K. Seawater intrusion in Almyros aquifer, in Thessaly, Greece. Presented at the International Hydrogeological Congress of Greece and Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, 20–22 March 2022. [Google Scholar]
- Chachadi, A.; Lobo-Ferreira, J.P. Assessing aquifer vulnerability to sea-water intrusion using GALDIT method: Part 2–GALDIT Indicators Description. Presented at the 4th Inter Celtic Colloquium on Hydrology and Management of Water Resources, Guimaraes, Portugal, 11–13 July 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Saaty, T.L. What is the analytic hierarchy process? In Mathematical Models for Decision Support; Mitra, G., Greenberg, H.J., Lootsma, F.A., Rijkaert, M.J., Zimmermann, H.J., Eds.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 1988; Volume 48, pp. 109–121. [Google Scholar]
- Corder, G.W.; Foreman, D.I. Nonparametric Statistics for Non-Statisticians; John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- ESDAC. European Soil Data Centre, Joint Research Centre, European Commission. Available online: https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ (accessed on 21 January 2021).
Parameters | Typical | AHP Median | AHP Average | AHP Mode |
---|---|---|---|---|
Groundwater occurrence | 0.060 | 0.276 | 0.282 | 0.235 |
Aquifer hydraulic conductivity | 0.200 | 0.263 | 0.246 | 0.235 |
Level above the sea | 0.266 | 0.190 | 0.170 | 0.214 |
Distance from the shore | 0.266 | 0.118 | 0.146 | 0.127 |
Impact of existing seawater intrusion | 0.060 | 0.081 | 0.086 | 0.099 |
Thickness of the aquifer | 0.133 | 0.072 | 0.070 | 0.090 |
Vulnerability Classes | Typical | AHP Median | AHP Average | AHP Mode |
---|---|---|---|---|
High | 3.54% | 1.99% | 1.99% | 2.20% |
Moderate | 8.16% | 9.23% | 9.21% | 9.57% |
Low | 88.27% | 88.70% | 88.80% | 88.24% |
Vulnerability Indices | 1992–1997 | 2004–2009 | 2010–2015 |
---|---|---|---|
GALDIT | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
AHP Median | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.44 |
AHP Average | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.43 |
AHP Mode | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.46 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Lepuri, S.; Loukas, A.; Lyra, A. Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability Assessment Using the GALDIT and the Modified GALDIT–AHP Methods: Application in the Coastal Almyros Aquifer, Thessaly, Greece. Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14174
Lepuri S, Loukas A, Lyra A. Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability Assessment Using the GALDIT and the Modified GALDIT–AHP Methods: Application in the Coastal Almyros Aquifer, Thessaly, Greece. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2023; 25(1):15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14174
Chicago/Turabian StyleLepuri, Sibianka, Athanasios Loukas, and Aikaterini Lyra. 2023. "Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability Assessment Using the GALDIT and the Modified GALDIT–AHP Methods: Application in the Coastal Almyros Aquifer, Thessaly, Greece" Environmental Sciences Proceedings 25, no. 1: 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14174