Reclamation of Sodic Soils and Improvement of Corn Seed Germination Using Spent Grains, Cheese Whey, Gypsum, and Compost †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Incubation Experiment
2.2. Germination Experiment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Incubation Experiment
3.2. Germination Experiment
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Analyte | Compost | Spent Grain | Cheese Whey |
---|---|---|---|
pH (1:5 w:w) | 6.95 | 4.16 | 3.82 |
EC (dS m−1, 1:5 w:w) | 5.91 | 1.45 | 5.12 |
Organic Matter (%) | 42.5 | 75 | 3.15 |
Total N (%) | 2.26 | 6.12 | 2.63 |
Total P (%) | 1.13 | 1.86 | 0.14 |
Total K (%) | 0.59 | 2.74 | 0.33 |
Organic carbon (%) | 24.65 | 43.5 | 1.83 |
C:N ratio | 10.91 | 7.1 | 0.69 |
Moisture (%) | 23 | 75 | 96 |
Fe (mg kg−1) | 930 | 1130 | nd 1 |
Zn (mg kg−1) | 215 | 368 | nd |
Mn (mg kg−1) | 98 | 210 | nd |
Cu (mg kg−1) | 67 | 98 | nd |
B (mg kg−1) | 23 | 39 | nd |
ECe | pH | SAR | ESP | OM | N | P | K | Biomass | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial | 3.91 | 8.75 | 26.9 | 31.0 | 1.66 | 78.5 | 4.45 | 352 | - |
Ctrl | 3.55a | 8.60a | 20.1a | 23.7a | 1.57d | 75.8c | 4.62e | 341c | 2.25d |
W1 | 3.28ab | 7.86de | 9.2b | 11.0b | 1.90cd | 115.7c | 5.33de | 426bc | 5.09b |
W2 | 3.23b | 7.71e | 8.2b | 9.5b | 2.32abc | 125.0bc | 5.96cd | 554ab | 4.81bc |
C1 | 2.48c | 8.07c | 11.0b | 12.3b | 1.98bcd | 183.2d | 6.64c | 415bc | 2.92d |
C2 | 2.41c | 7.92cd | 10.3b | 11.9b | 2.52ad | 288.3a | 8.80b | 484bc | 3.32cd |
G | 2.59c | 8.32b | 11.0b | 12.4b | 1.47d | 87.7c | 4.85de | 369c | 2.28d |
SG | 2.70bc | 7.48f | 9.1b | 10.9b | 2.80a | 325.0a | 10.85a | 669a | 7.03a |
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Aboukila, E.; Nilahyane, A. Reclamation of Sodic Soils and Improvement of Corn Seed Germination Using Spent Grains, Cheese Whey, Gypsum, and Compost. Environ. Sci. Proc. 2022, 16, 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022016036
Aboukila E, Nilahyane A. Reclamation of Sodic Soils and Improvement of Corn Seed Germination Using Spent Grains, Cheese Whey, Gypsum, and Compost. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2022; 16(1):36. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022016036
Chicago/Turabian StyleAboukila, Emad, and Abdelaziz Nilahyane. 2022. "Reclamation of Sodic Soils and Improvement of Corn Seed Germination Using Spent Grains, Cheese Whey, Gypsum, and Compost" Environmental Sciences Proceedings 16, no. 1: 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022016036
APA StyleAboukila, E., & Nilahyane, A. (2022). Reclamation of Sodic Soils and Improvement of Corn Seed Germination Using Spent Grains, Cheese Whey, Gypsum, and Compost. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 16(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022016036