Effect of Potassium Formate on Alkali–Silica Reaction in Aggregates with Different Categories of Reactivity †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials
3. Methods
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
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- The presence of reactive minerals: micro- and cryptocrystalline quartz was found in the quartzite and granite aggregate. In addition, strained quartz was present in one granite aggregate.
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- The accelerated mortar bar test confirmed different categories of reactivity of the tested aggregate.
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- Regardless of the aggregate reactivity category, the mortar bars stored in the 50% potassium formate solution reached very high expansion values, including granite G1 with the R0 reactivity category.
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- Reduction in the expansion rate of quartzite aggregate in potassium formate solution was probably associated with the depletion of fast-reacting minerals (micro- and cryptocrystalline quartz). Such phenomena were not observed in mortars with granite aggregate, in which strained quartz (a slow-reacting mineral) was the main reactive mineral.
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- The presence of ASR products was found in all analyzed mortar bar specimens.
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- The chemical composition of the gel varied depending on the mortar storage solution (NaOH, HCOOK). The gel identified in the cracks of aggregate grains in the mortar in the potassium formate solution was characterized by a higher alkali content, specifically potassium.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Category of ASR Reactivity | Reactivity | 14-Day Expansion [%] |
---|---|---|
R0 | Non-reactive | ≤0.10 |
R1 | Moderately reactive | >0.10; ≤0.30 |
R2 | Highly reactive | >0.30; ≤0.45 |
R3 | Very highly reactive | >0.45 |
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Antolik, A.; Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka, D.; Dziedzic, K.; Lisowski, P. Effect of Potassium Formate on Alkali–Silica Reaction in Aggregates with Different Categories of Reactivity. Mater. Proc. 2023, 13, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013013
Antolik A, Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D, Dziedzic K, Lisowski P. Effect of Potassium Formate on Alkali–Silica Reaction in Aggregates with Different Categories of Reactivity. Materials Proceedings. 2023; 13(1):13. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013013
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntolik, Aneta, Daria Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka, Kinga Dziedzic, and Paweł Lisowski. 2023. "Effect of Potassium Formate on Alkali–Silica Reaction in Aggregates with Different Categories of Reactivity" Materials Proceedings 13, no. 1: 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013013
APA StyleAntolik, A., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka, D., Dziedzic, K., & Lisowski, P. (2023). Effect of Potassium Formate on Alkali–Silica Reaction in Aggregates with Different Categories of Reactivity. Materials Proceedings, 13(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023013013