Ionogels: Polimeric and Sol-Gel Silica Nanoscaffolds of Ionic Liquids as Smart Materials †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Gel Preparation
- Firstly, TMOS and DMDMS with a molar rate 0.65 to 0.35 are mixed and stirred for 10 min.
- Secondly, [BMPyrr][TFSI] at a 0.8 molar rate is added to the previous mixture and stirred for an additional 10 min.
- Lastly, formic acid in a molar proportion of 3.3 is added, left in agitation for 2 min and finally, introduced in a Teflon mold.
- Mix 8% PVDF in mass with 92% DMF and stir for 3 h.
- Next, considering that PVDF is the hosting matrix (and DMF is only a solute to trigger the gelation process), the mass of PVDF vs IL is adjusted again, in mass proportions of 13% of PVDF and 87% of IL, and then mixed for 3 min and kept in a Teflon mold.
2.3. Experimental Procedure
3. Results
4. Conclusions
- The mobility of ions becomes greater when the temperature increases.
- An enhancement of ionic conductivity is observed with an increase of temperature, which could be justified by a reduction of viscosity.
- Conductivity decreases with the addition of salt due to an increase of viscosity, and also decreases with the nanoconfinement of the IL in the matrix scaffolds, probably due to electrostatic interactions between IL and the nano-scaffold.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Molecular Mass (g∙mol−1) | Short Name | CAS Number | Purity Supplier |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ionic liquid: 1-butyl-1methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide | 422.41 | [BMPyrr][TFSI] | 223437-11-4 | >99% IoLiTec |
Salt: Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide | 287.09 | [Li][TFSI] | 90076-65-6 | >99% Sigma Aldrich |
Gel Precursor: Poly(vinylidene fluoride) | Mw ∼ 534,000 | PVDF | 24937-79-9 | Alfa Aesar |
Gel Precursor: Tetramethyl orthosilicate | 152.22 | TMOS | 681-84-5 | 98% Sigma Aldrich |
Gel Precursor: Dimethoxydimethylsilane | 120.22 | DMDMS | 1112-39-6 | 98% Sigma Aldrich |
T [°C] | Pure IL | 0.1 m | Pure PVDF | 0.1 m PVDF | Pure Silica | 0.1 m Silica |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.0735(90) | 0.0642(63) | 0.0546(51) | 0.0495(59) | 0.0240(22) | 0.0388(37) |
10 | 0.0119(90) | 0.106(13) | 0.096(13) | 0.086(13) | 0.0425(51) | 0.0473(53) |
20 | 0.207(51) | 0.183(36) | 0.162(26) | 0.139(32) | 0.076(12) | 0.071(11) |
25 | 0.266(73) | 0.233(51) | 0.192(43) | 0.186(47) | 0.087(16) | 0.092(16) |
40 | 0.39(11) | 0.355(99) | 0.279(81) | 0.137(39) | 0.153(34) | |
50 | 0.65(12) | 0.49(11) | 0.397(95) | 0.211(54) | 0.199(52) |
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Santiago, A.; Vallet, P.; Parajó, J.J.; Villanueva, M.; Cabeza, Ó.; Varela, L.M.; Salgado, J. Ionogels: Polimeric and Sol-Gel Silica Nanoscaffolds of Ionic Liquids as Smart Materials. Chem. Proc. 2022, 12, 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13686
Santiago A, Vallet P, Parajó JJ, Villanueva M, Cabeza Ó, Varela LM, Salgado J. Ionogels: Polimeric and Sol-Gel Silica Nanoscaffolds of Ionic Liquids as Smart Materials. Chemistry Proceedings. 2022; 12(1):70. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13686
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantiago, Antía, Pablo Vallet, Juan José Parajó, María Villanueva, Óscar Cabeza, Luis Miguel Varela, and Josefa Salgado. 2022. "Ionogels: Polimeric and Sol-Gel Silica Nanoscaffolds of Ionic Liquids as Smart Materials" Chemistry Proceedings 12, no. 1: 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13686