The Potential Role of Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles Based on Cashew Gum, Tripolyphosphate and Chitosan for the Loading of Insulin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of CG, CH and TPP
2.3. Preparation of CG/INSULIN/TPP/CH Nanoparticles
2.4. Characterization of Nanoparticles
2.4.1. Particle Size Determination, Polydispersity Index (PDI) and Zeta-Potential of Nanoparticles
2.4.2. FTIR Spectroscopy Analysis
2.4.3. Morphological Characterization of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.4.4. Determination of Insulin Encapsulation Efficiency
2.4.5. In Vitro Release Study
2.4.6. Chromatographic Conditions for the Determination of Insulin by HPLC
3. Results
3.1. Preparation of Cashew Gum–TPP–Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Complex
3.2. Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of the Cashew Gum–Insulin–TPP–Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Complex
3.3. Characterization of the Polyelectrolyte Complex
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Formulation | Cashew Gum (mL) | TPP (mL) | Chitosan (mL) | Size (nm) | PDI | Zeta (mV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NP-1 | 10.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 143.9 | 0.59 | −6.47 |
NP-2 | 10.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 161.6 | 0.35 | −5.12 |
NP-3 | 10.0 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 169.3 | 0.29 | −4.23 |
NP-4 | 10.0 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 204.8 | 0.24 | −2.94 |
2 Days | 7 Days | 15 Days | 1 Month | 1 Year | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NP without insulin | Size (nm) | 206.8 | 206.4 | 207.2 | 210.0 | 205.0 |
PDI | 0.24 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | |
Zeta(mV) | Zeta(mV) | −7.17 | −6.74 | −4.60 | −3.43 | |
NP with insulin | Size (nm) | 260.4 | 266.0 | 268.3 | 272.4 | 311.8 |
PDI | 0.27 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
Zeta (mV) | Zeta (mV) | −8.21 | −5.07 | −4.62 | −1.81 |
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Bezerra, J.M.N.A.; Oliveira, A.C.J.; Silva-Filho, E.C.; Severino, P.; Souto, S.B.; Souto, E.B.; Soares, M.F.L.R.; Soares-Sobrinho, J.L. The Potential Role of Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles Based on Cashew Gum, Tripolyphosphate and Chitosan for the Loading of Insulin. Diabetology 2021, 2, 107-116. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology2020009
Bezerra JMNA, Oliveira ACJ, Silva-Filho EC, Severino P, Souto SB, Souto EB, Soares MFLR, Soares-Sobrinho JL. The Potential Role of Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles Based on Cashew Gum, Tripolyphosphate and Chitosan for the Loading of Insulin. Diabetology. 2021; 2(2):107-116. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology2020009
Chicago/Turabian StyleBezerra, Janira M. N. A., Antônia C. J. Oliveira, Edson C. Silva-Filho, Patricia Severino, Selma B. Souto, Eliana B. Souto, Mônica F. La R. Soares, and José L. Soares-Sobrinho. 2021. "The Potential Role of Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles Based on Cashew Gum, Tripolyphosphate and Chitosan for the Loading of Insulin" Diabetology 2, no. 2: 107-116. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology2020009