Enhancing Dust Control for Cage-Free Hens with Electrostatic Particle Charging Systems at Varying Installation Heights and Operation Durations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (a)
- Test the effect of EPI on dust control with a particular emphasis on the influence of varying electric supply durations and system installation heights in research CF facilities.
- (b)
- Investigate the optimal management of EPI system for dust control for CF hens;
- (c)
- Analyze the power consumption of the EPI system and its correlation with the duration of electric supply employed within CF hen facilities.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Approval
2.2. Experimental Setup
2.2.1. Experiment 1
2.2.2. Experiment 2
2.3. Working Mechanism of EPI
2.4. Electricity Consumption by EPI
2.5. Environment Parameter Measurements
2.6. Particulate Matter Measurement
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Experiment 1
3.1.1. Environment Parameters
3.1.2. PM Concentration
3.2. Experiment 2
3.2.1. Environment Parameters
3.2.2. PM Concentration
3.2.3. Electricity Consumption
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Trial/WOA | Room 1 | Room 2 | Room 3 | Room 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 (68) | H1 | H2 | H4 | H3 |
2 (69) | H4 | H3 | H1 | H2 |
3 (70) | H2 | H4 | H3 | H1 |
4 (71) | H3 | H1 | H2 | H4 |
Trial/WOA | Room 1 | Room 2 | Room 3 | Room 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 (73) | D1 | D2 | D4 | D3 |
2 (74) | D4 | D3 | D1 | D2 |
3 (75) | D2 | D4 | D3 | D1 |
4 (76) | D3 | D1 | D2 | D4 |
Parameters | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature (°C) | 23.19 ± 1.52 | 21.82 ± 1.15 | 22.54 ± 1.46 | 22.88 ± 1.39 |
RH (%) | 47.64 ± 10.39 | 43.94 ± 10.99 | 45.11 ± 10.83 | 44.08 ± 9.05 |
LMC (%) | 10.05 ± 0.81 | 10.30 ± 0.89 | 10.15 ± 1.28 | 10.36 ± 0.51 |
Treatments | PM1 | PM2.5 | PM4 | PM10 | TSP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | 1.71 ± 0.36 | 1.79 ± 0.34 | 1.98 ± 0.37 | 3.50 ± 0.72 | 9.12 ± 1.73 |
H2 | 2.14 ± 0.57 | 2.22 ± 0.59 | 2.46 ± 0.64 | 4.31 ± 1.11 | 11.20 ± 2.93 |
H3 | 2.28 ± 0.48 | 2.37 ± 0.49 | 2.61 ± 0.55 | 4.56 ± 0.95 | 12.10 ± 2.33 |
H4 | 1.91 ± 0.52 | 1.98 ± 0.53 | 2.19 ± 0.60 | 3.82 ± 1.11 | 10.00 ± 2.92 |
p-value | 0.2530 | 0.2664 | 0.2845 | 0.3080 | 0.2976 |
Parameters | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature (%) | 23.24 ± 1.26 | 22.71 ± 1.38 | 23.23 ± 1.25 | 22.54 ± 1.40 |
RH (%) | 43.58 ± 12.33 | 47.66 ± 10.04 | 44.87 ± 11.79 | 48.10 ± 12.10 |
LMC (%) | 11.00 ± 1.04 | 10.89 ± 0.89 | 10.55 ± 1.46 | 11.12 ± 1.80 |
Treatments | PM1 | PM2.5 | PM4 | PM10 | TSP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 2.98 ± 0.49 a | 2.83 ± 0.39 a | 3.63 ± 1.1 a | 6.59 ± 2.25 | 16.8 ± 5.59 |
D2 | 2.45 ± 0.35 ab | 2.52 ± 0.21 ab | 2.79 ± 0.24 ab | 5.03 ± 0.49 | 12.98 ± 1.12 |
D3 | 1.86 ± 0.18 b | 1.97 ± 0.24 b | 2.19 ± 0.27 b | 3.94 ± 0.54 | 9.89 ± 1.36 |
D4 | 1.89 ± 0.12 b | 2.12 ± 0.28 b | 2.23 ± 0.23 b | 4.20 ± 0.80 | 10.43 ± 1.90 |
p-value | 0.0103 | 0.0074 | 0.0473 | 0.0738 | 0.0535 |
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Bist, R.B.; Yang, X.; Subedi, S.; Paneru, B.; Chai, L. Enhancing Dust Control for Cage-Free Hens with Electrostatic Particle Charging Systems at Varying Installation Heights and Operation Durations. AgriEngineering 2024, 6, 1747-1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering6020101
Bist RB, Yang X, Subedi S, Paneru B, Chai L. Enhancing Dust Control for Cage-Free Hens with Electrostatic Particle Charging Systems at Varying Installation Heights and Operation Durations. AgriEngineering. 2024; 6(2):1747-1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering6020101
Chicago/Turabian StyleBist, Ramesh Bahadur, Xiao Yang, Sachin Subedi, Bidur Paneru, and Lilong Chai. 2024. "Enhancing Dust Control for Cage-Free Hens with Electrostatic Particle Charging Systems at Varying Installation Heights and Operation Durations" AgriEngineering 6, no. 2: 1747-1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering6020101
APA StyleBist, R. B., Yang, X., Subedi, S., Paneru, B., & Chai, L. (2024). Enhancing Dust Control for Cage-Free Hens with Electrostatic Particle Charging Systems at Varying Installation Heights and Operation Durations. AgriEngineering, 6(2), 1747-1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering6020101