Heterogeneity in the Utilization of Fecal Occult Blood Testing and Colonoscopy among Migrants and Non-Migrants in Austria: Results of the Austrian Health Interview Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Methods
4.1. Data
4.2. Study Variables
4.3. Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Population Group | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non- Migrants | Migrants from a Yugoslav Successor State | German Migrants | Turkish Migrants | Romanian Migrants | Hungarian Migrants | Other Migrants | p-Value * | |
N | 7376 | 222 | 208 | 85 | 40 | 27 | 309 | |
Sex | 0.229 | |||||||
Male | 3408 (46.2%) | 107 (48.2%) | 86 (41.3%) | 48 (56.5%) | 17 (42.5%) | 9 (33.3%) | 139 (45.0%) | |
Female | 3968 (53.8%) | 115 (51.8%) | 122 (58.7%) | 37 (43.5%) | 23 (57.5%) | 18 (66.7%) | 170 (55.0%) | |
Age (years) | <0.001 | |||||||
50–54 | 1242 (16.8%) | 60 (27.0%) | 42 (20.2%) | 34 (40.0%) | 15 (37.5%) | 6 (22.2%) | 70 (22.7%) | |
55–59 | 1296 (17.6%) | 47 (21.2%) | 38 (18.3%) | 20 (23.5%) | 6 (15.0%) | 6 (22.2%) | 56 (18.1%) | |
60–64 | 1201 (16.3%) | 36 (16.2%) | 23 (11.1%) | 12 (14.1%) | 10 (25.0%) | 2 (7.4%) | 50 (16.2%) | |
65–69 | 1006 (13.6%) | 37 (16.7%) | 13 (6.3%) | 10 (11.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (22.2%) | 29 (9.4%) | |
70–74 | 840 (11.4%) | 21 (9.5%) | 36 (17.3%) | 6 (7.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 33 (10.7%) | |
75–79 | 891 (12.1%) | 12 (5.4%) | 27 (13.0%) | 1 (1.2%) | 2 (5.0%) | 3 (11.1%) | 24 (7.8%) | |
80–84 | 469 (6.4%) | 7 (3.2%) | 14 (6.7%) | 2 (2.4%) | 5 (12.5%) | 2 (7.4%) | 24 (7.8%) | |
85–89 | 277 (3.8%) | 1 (0.5%) | 7 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (2.3%) | |
90–94 | 79 (1.1%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.6%) | |
95+ | 75 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (3.7%) | 14 (4.5%) | |
Partnership status | 0.060 | |||||||
Partner | 4999 (67.8%) | 162 (73.0%) | 136 (65.4%) | 63 (74.1%) | 23 (57.5%) | 15 (55.6%) | 194 (62.8%) | |
No Partner | 2377 (32.2%) | 60 (27.0%) | 72 (34.6%) | 22 (25.9%) | 17 (42.5%) | 12 (44.4%) | 115 (37.2%) | |
Occupational status | 0.004 | |||||||
Employed | 2356 (31.9%) | 88 (39.6%) | 82 (39.4%) | 31 (36.5%) | 21 (52.5%) | 10 (37.0%) | 103 (33.3%) | |
Not employed | 5020 (68.1%) | 134 (60.4%) | 126 (60.6%) | 54 (63.5%) | 19 (47.5%) | 17 (63.0%) | 206 (66.7%) | |
Educational level | <0.001 | |||||||
Low | 4793 (65.0%) | 161 (72.5%) | 97 (46.6%) | 81 (95.3%) | 25 (62.5%) | 8 (29.6%) | 121 (39.2%) | |
Moderate | 1936 (26.2%) | 50 (22.5%) | 63 (30.3%) | 4 (4.7%) | 11 (27.5%) | 10 (37.0%) | 89 (28.8%) | |
High | 647 (8.8%) | 11 (5.0%) | 48 (23.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (10.0%) | 9 (33.3%) | 99 (32.0%) | |
Net equivalent income of respondent’s household | 0.102 | |||||||
1st income quintile group | 1969 (26.7%) | 66 (29.7%) | 56 (26.9%) | 33 (38.8%) | 13 (32.5%) | 12 (44.4%) | 98 (31.7%) | |
2nd income quintile group | 1771 (24.0%) | 53 (23.9%) | 43 (20.7%) | 19 (22.4%) | 10 (25.0%) | 4 (14.8%) | 65 (21.0%) | |
3rd income quintile group | 1727 (23.4%) | 54 (24.3%) | 40 (19.2%) | 15 (17.6%) | 10 (25.0%) | 5 (18.5%) | 71 (23.0%) | |
4th income quintile group | 1105 (15.0%) | 35 (15.8%) | 37 (17.8%) | 12 (14.1%) | 5 (12.5%) | 5 (18.5%) | 50 (16.2%) | |
5th income quintile group | 804 (10.9%) | 14 (6.3%) | 32 (15.4%) | 6 (7.1%) | 2 (5.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 25 (8.1%) | |
Degree of urbanization of place of residence | <0.001 | |||||||
High | 936 (12.7%) | 70 (31.5%) | 32 (15.4%) | 21 (24.7%) | 10 (25.0%) | 9 (33.3%) | 134 (43.4%) | |
Moderate | 2348 (31.8%) | 98 (44.1%) | 80 (38.5%) | 53 (62.4%) | 19 (47.5%) | 9 (33.3%) | 87 (28.2%) | |
Low | 4092 (55.5%) | 54 (24.3%) | 96 (46.2%) | 11 (12.9%) | 11 (27.5%) | 9 (33.3%) | 88 (28.5%) | |
Region (federal state) of residence | <0.001 | |||||||
Burgenland | 535 (7.3%) | 4 (1.8%) | 10 (4.8%) | 1 (1.2%) | 2 (5.0%) | 4 (14.8%) | 11 (3.6%) | |
Lower Austria | 1227 (16.6%) | 21 (9.5%) | 19 (9.1%) | 8 (9.4%) | 4 (10.0%) | 4 (14.8%) | 39 (12.6%) | |
Vienna | 540 (7.3%) | 42 (18.9%) | 18 (8.7%) | 15 (17.6%) | 8 (20.0%) | 7 (25.9%) | 104 (33.7%) | |
Carinthia | 499 (6.8%) | 16 (7.2%) | 21 (10.1%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 21 (6.8%) | |
Styria | 1573 (21.3%) | 31 (14.0%) | 22 (10.6%) | 1 (1.2%) | 9 (22.5%) | 4 (14.8%) | 23 (7.4%) | |
Upper Austria | 1333 (18.1%) | 48 (21.6%) | 33 (15.9%) | 16 (18.8%) | 13 (32.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 31 (10.0%) | |
Salzburg | 422 (5.7%) | 23 (10.4%) | 19 (9.1%) | 3 (3.5%) | 2 (5.0%) | 2 (7.4%) | 19 (6.1%) | |
Tyrol | 869 (11.8%) | 21 (9.5%) | 41 (19.7%) | 16 (18.8%) | 1 (2.5%) | 4 (14.8%) | 39 (12.6%) | |
Vorarlberg | 378 (5.1%) | 16 (7.2%) | 25 (12.0%) | 24 (28.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (7.4%) | 22 (7.1%) | |
Self-rated health (1—“very good” to 5—“very poor”) | <0.001 | |||||||
Very good | 1575 (21.4%) | 23 (10.4%) | 48 (23.1%) | 6 (7.1%) | 4 (10.0%) | 7 (25.9%) | 63 (20.4%) | |
Good | 3044 (41.3%) | 71 (32.0%) | 89 (42.8%) | 19 (22.4%) | 15 (37.5%) | 12 (44.4%) | 136 (44.0%) | |
Medium | 2072 (28.1%) | 89 (40.1%) | 53 (25.5%) | 37 (43.5%) | 12 (30.0%) | 4 (14.8%) | 76 (24.6%) | |
Poor | 556 (7.5%) | 31 (14.0%) | 14 (6.7%) | 19 (22.4%) | 9 (22.5%) | 3 (11.1%) | 30 (9.7%) | |
Very poor | 129 (1.7%) | 8 (3.6%) | 4 (1.9%) | 4 (4.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 4 (1.3%) | |
Presence of chronic disease | <0.001 | |||||||
Yes | 3765 (51.0%) | 126 (56,8%) | 95 (45.7%) | 64 (75.3%) | 22 (55.0%) | 13 (48.1%) | 159 (51.5%) | |
No | 3611 (49.0%) | 96 (43,2%) | 113 (54,3%) | 21 (24.7%) | 18 (45.0%) | 14 (51.9%) | 150 (48.5%) | |
Fecal occult blood test | <0.001 | |||||||
Yes (at least once) | 5960 (80.8%) | 161 (72.5%) | 156 (75.0%) | 51 (60.0%) | 28 (70.0%) | 17 (63.0%) | 245 (79.3%) | |
No (never) | 1416 (19.2%) | 61 (27.5%) | 52 (25.0%) | 34 (40.0%) | 12 (30.0%) | 10 (37.0%) | 64 (20.7%) | |
Colonoscopy | <0.001 | |||||||
Yes (at least once) | 4556 (61.8%) | 111 (50.0%) | 129 (62.0%) | 37 (43.5%) | 22 (55.0%) | 13 (48.1%) | 181 (58.6%) | |
No (never) | 2820 (38.2%) | 111 (50.0%) | 79 (38.0%) | 48 (56.5%) | 18 (45.0%) | 14 (51.9%) | 128 (41.4%) |
Independent Variable | aOR | 95%-CI | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population group (Ref.: Non-migrants) | ||||
Migrants from a Yugoslav Successor State | 0.61 | 0.44–0.83 | 0.002 | |
German Migrants | 0.70 | 0.51–0.98 | 0.035 | |
Turkish Migrants | 0.35 | 0.22–0.55 | <0.001 | |
Romanian Migrants | 0.59 | 0.30–1.18 | 0.136 | |
Hungarian Migrants | 0.37 | 0.16–0.82 | 0.014 | |
Other Migrants | 0.85 | 0.63–1.14 | 0.283 | |
Sex (Ref.: Female) | ||||
Male | 0.99 | 0.88–1.11 | 0.834 | |
Age (Ref.: 50–54 years) | ||||
55–59 years | 1.31 | 1.10–1.57 | 0.003 | |
60–64 years | 1.39 | 1.12–1.73 | 0.002 | |
65–69 years | 1.69 | 1.31–2.18 | <0.001 | |
70–74 years | 1.69 | 1.30–2.20 | <0.001 | |
75–79 years | 1.33 | 1.03–1.72 | 0.028 | |
80–84 years | 1.48 | 1.10–1.99 | 0.010 | |
85–89 years | 1.19 | 0.84–1.68 | 0.320 | |
90–94 years | 1.43 | 0.79–2.57 | 0.240 | |
95+ years | 1.32 | 0.77–2.25 | 0.308 | |
Partnership status (Ref.: No partner) | ||||
Partner | 1.19 | 1.04–1.36 | 0.013 | |
Occupational status (Ref.: Not employed) | ||||
Employed | 0.87 | 0.72–1.05 | 0.151 | |
Educational level (Ref.: Low) | ||||
Moderate | 1.25 | 1.09–1.43 | 0.002 | |
High | 1.25 | 1.01–1.55 | 0.043 | |
Net equivalent income of respondent’s household (Ref.: 1st income quintile group) | ||||
2nd income quintile group | 1.10 | 0.94–1.30 | 0.211 | |
3rd income quintile group | 1.26 | 1.06–1.49 | 0.010 | |
4th income quintile group | 1.41 | 1.15–1.74 | 0.001 | |
5th income quintile group | 1.48 | 1.16–1.89 | 0.002 | |
Degree of urbanization of place of residence (Ref.: High) | ||||
Moderate | 1.03 | 0.79–1.34 | 0.826 | |
Low | 0.77 | 0.59–0.99 | 0.042 | |
Region (federal state) of residence (Ref.: Vorarlberg) | ||||
Burgenland | 1.80 | 1.28–2.53 | 0.001 | |
Lower Austria | 0.94 | 0.72–1.23 | 0.670 | |
Vienna | 1.22 | 0.83–1.81 | 0.314 | |
Carinthia | 1.23 | 0.89–1.69 | 0.206 | |
Styria | 1.34 | 1.03–1.75 | 0.032 | |
Upper Austria | 1.13 | 0.87–1.48 | 0.365 | |
Salzburg | 0.73 | 0.54–1.00 | 0.048 | |
Tyrol | 1.34 | 1.01–1.77 | 0.045 | |
Self-rated health (1—“very good” to 5—“very poor”) (Ref.: Very poor) | ||||
Very good | 0.87 | 0.54–1.38 | 0.545 | |
Good | 0.97 | 0.61–1.52 | 0.884 | |
Medium | 1.00 | 0.64–1.58 | 0.985 | |
Poor | 0.74 | 0.46–1.19 | 0.214 | |
Presence of chronic disease (Ref.: No) | ||||
Yes | 1.53 | 1.34–1.74 | <0.001 |
Independent Variable | aOR | 95%-CI | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population group (Ref.: Non-migrants) | ||||
Migrants from a Yugoslav Successor State | 0.56 | 0.42–0.75 | <0.001 | |
German Migrants | 0.93 | 0.69–1.25 | 0.609 | |
Turkish Migrants | 0.42 | 0.27–0.67 | <0.001 | |
Romanian Migrants | 0.91 | 0.47–1.75 | 0.779 | |
Hungarian Migrants | 0.59 | 0.27–1.31 | 0.193 | |
Other Migrants | 0.80 | 0.62–1.03 | 0.081 | |
Sex (Ref.: Female) | ||||
Male | 1.14 | 1.03–1.25 | 0.009 | |
Age (Ref.: 50–54 years) | ||||
55–59 years | 1.50 | 1.29–1.74 | <0.001 | |
60–64 years | 2.58 | 2.15–3.10 | <0.001 | |
65–69 years | 3.02 | 2.45–3.73 | <0.001 | |
70–74 years | 3.88 | 3.10–4.84 | <0.001 | |
75–79 years | 3.34 | 2.68–4.16 | <0.001 | |
80–84 years | 3.63 | 2.81–4.70 | <0.001 | |
85–89 years | 2.04 | 1.52–2.74 | <0.001 | |
90–94 years | 2.97 | 1.80–4.88 | <0.001 | |
95+ years | 1.88 | 1.20–2.93 | 0.005 | |
Partnership status (Ref.: No partner) | ||||
Partner | 1.22 | 1.09–1.37 | 0.001 | |
Occupational status (Ref.: Not employed) | ||||
Employed | 1.08 | 0.92–1.26 | 0.34 | |
Educational level (Ref.: Low) | ||||
Moderate | 1.04 | 0.93–1.16 | 0.553 | |
High | 1.25 | 1.04–1.49 | 0.015 | |
Net equivalent income of respondent’s household (Ref.: 1st income quintile group) | ||||
2nd income quintile group | 1.15 | 1.00–1.31 | 0.052 | |
3rd income quintile group | 1.30 | 1.12–1.51 | 0.001 | |
4th income quintile group | 1.19 | 1.00–1.42 | 0.045 | |
5th income quintile group | 1.41 | 1.15–1.72 | 0.001 | |
Degree of urbanization of place of residence (Ref.: High) | ||||
Moderate | 0.80 | 0.64–0.99 | 0.044 | |
Low | 0.73 | 0.59–0.91 | 0.005 | |
Region (federal state) of residence (Ref.: Vorarlberg) | ||||
Burgenland | 0.75 | 0.57–0.99 | 0.042 | |
Lower Austria | 0.56 | 0.44–0.71 | <0.001 | |
Vienna | 0.70 | 0.50–0.98 | 0.035 | |
Carinthia | 1.02 | 0.77–1.34 | 0.913 | |
Styria | 0.58 | 0.46–0.73 | <0.001 | |
Upper Austria | 0.74 | 0.58–0.93 | 0.010 | |
Salzburg | 0.81 | 0.61–1.07 | 0.135 | |
Tyrol | 1.10 | 0.86–1.40 | 0.468 | |
Self-rated health (1—“very good” to 5—“very poor”) (Ref.: Very poor) | ||||
Very good | 0.63 | 0.43–0.93 | 0.021 | |
Good | 0.72 | 0.49–1.05 | 0.083 | |
Medium | 0.92 | 0.64–1.34 | 0.680 | |
Poor | 1.01 | 0.68–1.50 | 0.981 | |
Presence of chronic disease (Ref.: No) | ||||
Yes | 1.41 | 1.27–1.57 | <0.001 |
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Wahidie, D.; Yilmaz-Aslan, Y.; Brzoska, P. Heterogeneity in the Utilization of Fecal Occult Blood Testing and Colonoscopy among Migrants and Non-Migrants in Austria: Results of the Austrian Health Interview Survey. Gastrointest. Disord. 2023, 5, 37-49. https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord5010004
Wahidie D, Yilmaz-Aslan Y, Brzoska P. Heterogeneity in the Utilization of Fecal Occult Blood Testing and Colonoscopy among Migrants and Non-Migrants in Austria: Results of the Austrian Health Interview Survey. Gastrointestinal Disorders. 2023; 5(1):37-49. https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord5010004
Chicago/Turabian StyleWahidie, Diana, Yüce Yilmaz-Aslan, and Patrick Brzoska. 2023. "Heterogeneity in the Utilization of Fecal Occult Blood Testing and Colonoscopy among Migrants and Non-Migrants in Austria: Results of the Austrian Health Interview Survey" Gastrointestinal Disorders 5, no. 1: 37-49. https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord5010004