Sustainability of Impacts of Poplar Growth on Soil Organic Matter in Eutric Cambisols
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sites and Soil Sampling
2.2. Determination of the Soil Carbon (C) Contents and C Stocks
2.3. Molecular-Chemical Composition of the Soil Organic Matter
2.4. Isolation of Total Lipids from Soil and Quantification by Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
2.5. PLFA Analyses
2.6. Soil Enzyme Analyses
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Soil Organic Matter Quantity
3.2. PLFA Pattern and Soil Enzyme Activities
3.3. SOM Composition
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site with Abbreviation | Coordinates | Treatment | Use as SRC, Poplar Clone | Corg (mg g−1) | Nt (mg g−1) | C-to-N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cahnsdorf (CAH) | 51°51′ N, 13°45′ E | SRC | since 2006 (4 years) Max | 12.6b (±1.5) | 1.2b (±0.1) | 10.9a (±0.5) |
REF | 8.3a (±0.6) | 0.9a (±0.1) | 9.9a (±0.5) | |||
Gülzow (GUL) | 53°48′ N, 12°3′ E | SRC | since 1993, (17 years) Max | 15.6b (±2.3) | 1.3b (±0.2) | 12.6b (±0.8) |
REF | 7.1a (±0.5) | 0.8a (±0.1) | 9.4a (±0.6) | |||
Vipperow (VIP) | 53°19′ N, 12°41′ E | fSRC | 1993–2007, (14 years) Max | 8.1a (±0.8) | 0.9a (±0.1) | 9.0a (±0.7) |
REF | 15.6b (±3.8) | 1.5b (±0.3) | 10.7b (±0.5) |
Factor | Soil Depth | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–5 cm | 5–10 cm | 10–15 cm | 15–20 cm | 20–30 cm | |
Intercept | 5006.879 | 8844.388 | 8885.768 | 8654.424 | 3760.469 |
Site | 176.012 ** | 459.629 ** | 337.368 ** | 261.747 ** | 132.831 ** |
Management | 65.876 ** | 53.423 ** | 56.577 ** | 67.079 ** | 72.177 ** |
Site × management | 7.904 ** | 91.025 ** | 54.491 ** | 32.147 ** | 51.359 ** |
Site | Treatment | PLFA 18:2ω6,9 (ng g−1) | PLFA 16:1ω5 (ng g−1) | PLFA Total Bacterial (ng g−1) | Ratio Bacterial/Fungal PLFAs | Invertase (mg GE g−1 3h−1) | Xylanase (mg GE g−1 24 h−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cahnsdorf | SRC | 17.7b (±0.4) | 13.1b (±1.3) | 178.8b (±25.4) | 10.1b (±1.6) | 829b (±79) | 885b (±30) |
REF | 12.1a (±4.2) | 5.0a (±1.9) | 78.5a (±23.3) | 6.8a (±0.9) | 535a (±41) | 796a (±64) | |
Gülzow | SRC | 15.3b (±1.3) | 12.7b (±2.1) | 157.6b (±23.5) | 10.2b (±0.6) | 560a (±155) | 295a (±41) |
REF | 13.1a (±1.4) | 6.4a (±0.9) | 98.2a (±17.1) | 7.4a (±0.7) | 699b (±94) | 631b (±55) | |
Vipperow | fSRC | 11.3a (±1.6) | 4.1a (±0.6) | 98.6a (±8.8) | 8.8a (±1.1) | 310a (±11) | 491a (±55) |
REF | 17.1b (±2.3) | 7.0b (±1.9) | 152.2b (±25.5) | 8.9a (±0.1) | 360b (±26) | 557b (±105) |
Site Andvariant | TII | Carbohydrates | Phenols, Ligninmonomers | Lignin Dimers | Lipids, Alkanes, Alkenes, Fatty Acids, n-alkyl Esters | Alkylaromatics | N-containingcompounds | Sterols | Peptides | Suberins | Fatty Acids n-C16 to n-C34 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cahnsdorf SRC | 29.7b (±5.0) | 4.4a (±0.1) | 8.8a (±0.3) | 4.2a (±0.3) | 10.1b (±0.6) | 10.6a (±0.5) | 6.8a (±0.3) | 2.1b (±0.2) | 2.0a (±0.1) | 0.2b (±0.0) | 2.7b (±0.2) |
REF | 20.8a (±0.9) | 4.6b (±0.0) | 8.8a (±0.1) | 5.0b (±0.1) | 9.6a (±0.0) | 11.2b (±0.1) | 6.7a (±0.1) | 1.6a (±0.0) | 1.9a (±0.0) | 0.1a (±0.0) | 2.1a (±0.1) |
Gülzow SRC | 11.4b (±3.1) | 6.8a (±0.1) | 13.2a (±0.3) | 3.9b (±0.2) | 7.1b (±0.3) | 12.2a (±0.3) | 7.9a (±0.2) | 1.0b (±0.1) | 2.6a (±0.1) | 0.0a (±0.0) | 0.9b (±0.1) |
REF | 5.0a (±0.9) | 7.8b (±0.0) | 15.2b (±0.1) | 3.0a (±0.1) | 5.2a (±0.1) | 13.2b (±0.1) | 8.8b (±0.1) | 0.0a (±0.0) | 3.0b (±0.0) | 0.0a (±0.0) | 0.2a (±0.0) |
Vipperow fSRC | 22.0b (±1.5) | 5.2a (±0.1) | 8.7a (±0.0) | 5.2b (±0.1) | 9.7b (±0.2) | 10.9a (±0.1) | 6.8a (±0.1) | 2.0b (±0.1) | 2.1a (±0.0) | 0.1a (±0.0) | 2.1a (±0.1) |
REF | 17.1a (±1.5) | 5.7b (±0.1) | 8.9b (±0.1) | 3.4a (±0.0) | 9.3a (±0.1) | 10.8a (±0.1) | 7.2b (±0.1) | 1.6a (±0.0) | 2.2a (±0.1) | 0.1a (±0.0) | 2.2a (±0.0) |
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Baum, C.; Barth, M.; Henkel, K.; Siebers, M.; Eckhardt, K.-U.; Hilke, I.; Gleixner, G.; Leinweber, P. Sustainability of Impacts of Poplar Growth on Soil Organic Matter in Eutric Cambisols. Soil Syst. 2019, 3, 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3020032
Baum C, Barth M, Henkel K, Siebers M, Eckhardt K-U, Hilke I, Gleixner G, Leinweber P. Sustainability of Impacts of Poplar Growth on Soil Organic Matter in Eutric Cambisols. Soil Systems. 2019; 3(2):32. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3020032
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaum, Christel, Martin Barth, Kathrin Henkel, Meike Siebers, Kai-Uwe Eckhardt, Ines Hilke, Gerd Gleixner, and Peter Leinweber. 2019. "Sustainability of Impacts of Poplar Growth on Soil Organic Matter in Eutric Cambisols" Soil Systems 3, no. 2: 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3020032