Tree Mortality Following Mixed-Severity Prescribed Fire Dramatically Alters the Structure of a Developing Pinus taeda Forest on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Prescribed Fire Treatment
2.3. Forest Inventory
2.4. Statistical Models
2.5. Remote Sensing
3. Results
3.1. Fire Effects on Forest Structure and Composition
3.2. Modeling Fire Effects on Plots and Trees
3.3. Remote Sensing of the Forest Canopy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stem Density (trees/ha) | Basal Area (m2/ha) | Aboveground Biomass (t/ha) | Pine Stocking | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Pines | Total | Pines | Total | Pines | Total | Dq (cm) | RD |
May 2011 | 3366 ± 1369 | 3607 ± 1341 | 23.6 ± 3.6 | 23.9 ± 3.5 | 60.4 ± 10.0 | 61.0 ± 9.8 | 10.1 ± 1.2 | 0.60 ± 0.10 |
Aug 2011 | 1445 ± 363 | 1457 ± 365 | 17.3 ± 4.5 | 17.3 ± 4.4 | 45.1 ± 12.0 | 45.2 ± 12.0 | 11.8 ± 1.6 | 0.43 ± 0.10 |
Sept 2011 | 1346 ± 369 | 1359 ± 371 | 16.4 ± 4.4 | 16.4 ± 4.4 | 42.9 ± 11.8 | 42.9 ± 11.8 | 12.0 ± 1.6 | 0.40 ± 0.10 |
July 2012 | 1204 ± 350 | 1204 ± 350 | 16.8 ± 4.9 | 16.8 ± 4.9 | 47.8 ± 14.2 | 47.8 ± 14.2 | 12.9 ± 1.8 | 0.40 ± 0.11 |
Feb 2014 | 1161 ± 342 | 1161 ± 342 | 17.9 ± 5.5 | 17.9 ± 5.5 | 51.6 ± 15.9 | 51.6 ± 15.9 | 13.5 ± 1.9 | 0.42 ± 0.12 |
Feb 2015 | 1149 ± 337 | 1297 ± 318 | 19.3 ± 5.9 | 19.5 ± 5.8 | 57.7 ± 18.4 | 58 ± 18.3 | 13.0 ± 1.6 | 0.45 ± 0.12 |
Feb 2018 | 1040 ± 315 | 1437 ± 204 | 23.3 ± 7.3 | 23.8 ± 7.1 | 74.1 ± 23.7 | 75.1 ± 23.2 | 13.5 ± 2.1 | 0.51 ± 0.14 |
Model | Equation | β0 | β1 | β2 | β3 | AIC | BIC | Rho2 | Predict | ROC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | β0 + β1(RSP) + β2(LCRPRE) + β3(pCS) | 4.916 | −0.014 | 9.608 * | −14.902 *** | 152.8 | 169.4 | 0.779 | 0.920 | 0.981 |
2 | β0 + β1(RSP) + β2(LCRPRE) + β3(LCRPOST) | −7.512 ** | −0.317 | 6.318 * | 21.225 *** | 149.8 | 166.5 | 0.784 | 0.922 | 0.980 |
3 | β0 + β1(RSP) + β2(LCRPOST) | −3.95 *** | 0.942 | 22.445 *** | na | 153.3 | 165.8 | 0.776 | 0.919 | 0.978 |
4 | β0 + β1(RSP) + β2(pBS) | 1.578 * | 7.718 *** | −16.329 *** | na | 260.3 | 272.7 | 0.613 | 0.838 | 0.956 |
5 | β0 + β1(LCRPOST) | −3.423 *** | 23.246 *** | na | na | 151.8 | 160.1 | 0.775 | 0.919 | 0.980 |
6 | β0 + LCRPRE + LCRPOST | −7.505 ** | 6.050 * | 21.052 *** | na | 147.9 | 160.4 | 0.784 | 0.922 | 0.980 |
7 | β0 + β1(BLCPRE) + β2(LCRPOST) | −1.481 * | −0.307 ** | 23.135 *** | na | 147.5 | 160.0 | 0.785 | 0.922 | 0.982 |
8 | β0 + β1(LCRPRE) + β2(pCS) | 4.912 | 9.595 * | −14.896 *** | na | 150.8 | 163.3 | 0.779 | 0.920 | 0.981 |
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Ray, D.G.; Landau, D. Tree Mortality Following Mixed-Severity Prescribed Fire Dramatically Alters the Structure of a Developing Pinus taeda Forest on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. Fire 2019, 2, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire2020025
Ray DG, Landau D. Tree Mortality Following Mixed-Severity Prescribed Fire Dramatically Alters the Structure of a Developing Pinus taeda Forest on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. Fire. 2019; 2(2):25. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire2020025
Chicago/Turabian StyleRay, David G., and Deborah Landau. 2019. "Tree Mortality Following Mixed-Severity Prescribed Fire Dramatically Alters the Structure of a Developing Pinus taeda Forest on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain" Fire 2, no. 2: 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire2020025