The Effects of a 6-Month Omega Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation on Functional Capacity and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment ^†

Abstract

Aim: Aging is associated with declines in functional capacity and cognitive function. The aim of the present study was to examine, for the first time, the effects of a high-dose omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid supplementation, in combination with antioxidant vitamins, on functional capacity and cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment, over a 6-month period in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Material & Method: Thirty-six older adults with cognitive impairment (aged 79.3 ± 7.6 yrs, 22 females) were randomized to receive either a formula containing a mixture of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids with antioxidant vitamins or placebo for six months. Participants completed assessments of functional capacity, cognitive function, and various aspects of quality of life at baseline and following three and six months of supplementation. Functional capacity was evaluated using two sit-to-stand tests (STS-5, STS-60), the timed-up-and-go test (TUG), the 6-min walk test (6MWT), and the handgrip strength test. Cognitive function was evaluated through the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), whilst health-related quality of life, sleep quality, daily sleepiness, and fatigue were assessed by specific questionnaires. A linear mixed model with a random effect for participant was used to evaluate differences in the dependent variables between the supplementation and placebo groups throughout time, whilst it was adjusted for age and education of the participants. Results: A significant interaction between supplementation and time was found on functional capacity (6MWT and STS-60; p = 0.028 and p = 0.032, respectively), cognitive function (ACER and MMSE; p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively), fatigue (p < 0.001), physical health component (p = 0.007), and daily sleepiness (p = 0.007), showing a favorable improvement for the participants receiving the nutritional supplement. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that high-dose omega fatty acid and antioxidant vitamin supplementation improves functional capacity and cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment. Thus, this novel approach appears promising for reducing cognitive decline and frailty in the elderly.