Climate change poses a significant threat to cultural heritage, affecting the physical integrity, structural stability, and historical value of cultural assets. Moreover, the risk extends to both tangible and intangible heritage, with losses related to collective memory and the sense of belonging within communities. In this context, it becomes essential to consider adaptation measures based on studies of monitoring and management technologies that support the preservation of heritage in the face of extreme climatic events. This study aims to analyze and discuss the role of emerging technologies in the monitoring and management of cultural heritage, highlighting their applications in adaptation and resilience to the impacts of climate change. Furthermore, the challenges of implementing new monitoring technologies for cultural heritage in the Brazilian context will be addressed. To this end, an exploratory literature review was conducted on monitoring technologies applied to cultural heritage. The results indicate that the integrated use of high-resolution sensors and digital management platforms enables continuous monitoring, allowing the identification of structural damage and degradation patterns related to climatic factors. Measurements can be conducted using the Internet of Things (IoT), and studies highlight the optimization of analysis through the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in risk anticipation and scenario modeling. In addition, 3D modeling tools—such as Digital Twins (DT) and Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM)—stand out as essential instruments for documentation, vulnerability assessment, and planning of interventions. However, most studies are concentrated in the Global North, with a lack of research applied to the Brazilian context. In Brazil, the implementation of technologies applied to cultural heritage faces numerous challenges beyond technical issues. Among these are the lack of funding, limited specific public policies, and difficulties in accessing available technologies. Other limiting factors include restricted access to heritage sites and insufficient infrastructure, which hinder the installation and maintenance of equipment and access to data networks. Therefore, the emergence of new research depends on greater integration between research institutions, heritage agencies, and communities, ensuring access to data and preservation strategies. It is, thus, concluded that the monitoring and management of cultural heritage in the face of climate change requires a multidisciplinary approach and the combined use of advanced monitoring technologies, along with the engagement of multiple stakeholders involved in heritage management. Strengthening prevention strategies and rapid response mechanisms is essential to promote the resilience and sustainability of heritage assets under new climatic conditions.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, E.R.M.E., L.I.L. and L.H.; methodology, E.R.M.E., L.I.L. and L.H.; validation, E.R.M.E., L.I.L. and L.H.; formal analysis, E.R.M.E., L.I.L. and L.H.; investigation, E.R.M.E., L.I.L. and L.H.; data curation, E.R.M.E.; writing—original draft preparation, E.R.M.E.; writing—review and editing, E.R.M.E., L.I.L. and L.H.; supervision, L.I.L. and L.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This work was carried out with the support of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Funding Code 001. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC), which contributed to the development of this study.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
No new data were created or analyzed in this study, as it is an exploratory literature review. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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