Preparation and Electrochemical Oxidation of Ferricyanide Using Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with TiO₂  ^†

The research conducted in this study centres on examining the process of preparing and electrochemically oxidizing ferricyanide with a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified using TiO₂. Therefore, an efficient and reliable electrochemical sensor was developed for ferricyanide oxidation, which is a commonly used redox probe in various analytical applications. The modification of the CPE with TiO₂ aimed to enhance the electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity towards ferricyanide oxidation. The modified electrode was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The analysis of ferricyanide revealed that the surface area of graphite increased significantly after modification with TiO₂. The effect of the scan rate on the electrochemical oxidation process was investigated using different scan rates, resulting in a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.94), which clearly indicates a strong relationship between the scan rate and oxidation process. The experimental results demonstrated that the TiO₂-modified carbon paste electrode exhibited improved electrochemical performance, including enhanced peak current density and lower oxidation potential, when compared to the unmodified electrode. This study provides valuable insights into the design and optimization and kinetics of the electrode materials for electrochemical sensing applications. The findings suggest that the modified electrode can be utilized for various future applications due to its enhanced electrochemical properties.