Nitrate/Ammonium Ratios and Nitrogen Deficiency Impact on Nutrient Absorption and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Cedrela odorata
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Species and Growth Conditions
2.2. Treatments and Experimental Design
2.3. Specific Procedures
2.3.1. Soil Collection, Characterization, and Fertilization
2.3.2. Seedlings, Containers, Irrigation, and Topdressing Fertilization
2.4. Experiment Evaluation
2.5. Photosynthetic Parameters
2.5.1. Gas Exchange
2.5.2. Chlorophyll Fluorescence
2.5.3. Relative Chlorophyll Index (RCI)
2.6. Growth Parameters
2.6.1. Plant Height and Diameter
2.6.2. Dry Matter Production
2.7. Nutritional Parameters
Nutritional Status
2.8. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Foliar Nutrient Contents and Accumulation
3.2. Photosynthetic Parameters
3.3. Plant Growth
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Source of Variance | DF | N | P | K | Ca | Mg | S | Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Square | ||||||||
Treatment | 6 | 264.96 ** | 3.12 ** | 6.49 ns | 46.05 ** | 2.86 ** | 54.09 ** | 1466.45 ** |
Error | 28 | 1.72 | 0.42 | 3.11 | 3.63 | 0.20 | 0.37 | 361.07 |
CV (%) | - | 3.59 | 22.46 | 8.11 | 12.75 | 17.79 | 8.74 | 16.80 |
Zn | B | Cu | Fe | N-ac | P-ac | K-ac | ||
Treatment | 6 | 433.51 ** | 1909.71 ** | 4.56 * | 1278.59 ns | 0.047 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.004 ** |
Error | 28 | 31.74 | 28.78 | 1.31 | 575.71 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.001 |
CV (%) | - | 12.82 | 9.96 | 35.51 | 16.63 | 13.84 | 24.44 | 13.68 |
Ca-ac | Mg-ac | S-ac | Mn-ac | Zn-ac | B-ac | Cu-ac | ||
Treatment | 6 | 0.007 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.0024 ** | 0.304 ** | 0.061 ** | 0.082 ** | 0.0007 ** |
Error | 28 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.0004 | 0.051 | 0.0088 | 0.005 | 0.0001 |
CV (%) | - | 29.22 | 25.94 | 28.77 | 19.36 | 20.32 | 13.95 | 42.54 |
Fe-ac | A | gs | E | Fv/Fm | PABS | PItotal | ||
Treatment | 6 | 0.285 * | 4.05 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.09 ** | 0.000 ** | 2.72 ** | 152.60 ns |
Error | 28 | 0.083 | 0.77 | 0.000 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 0.59 | 62.49 |
CV (%) | - | 19.44 | 24.29 | 6.81 | 7.91 | 0.59 | 42.48 | 43.68 |
RCI | Height | Diameter | SDM | RDM | RSR | LA | ||
Treatment | 6 | 224.60 ** | 13.94 ns | 6.07 ns | 7.28 ns | 1.64 ** | 0.02 ** | 399,849.35 * |
Error | 28 | 13.63 | 25.98 | 0.72 | 3.86 | 0.40 | 0.001 | 141,211.00 |
CV (%) | - | 8.88 | 25.18 | 19.34 | 15.80 | 21.76 | 17.13 | 25.92 |
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NH4+/NO3− (%) | N (g kg−1) | P (g kg−1) | K (g kg−1) | Ca (g kg−1) | Mg (g kg−1) | S (g kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100/0 | 41.00 ± 1.00 a | 3.00 ± 0.00 abc | 20.00 ± 1.41 a | 15.00 ± 2.00 ab | 3.00 ± 0.50 a | 4.00 ± 0.60 e |
80/20 | 41.0.0 ± 1.41 a | 3.60 ± 0.55 a | 22.20 ± 2.68 a | 15.40 ± 2.07 ab | 2.80 ± 0.45 ab | 5.40 ± 0.55 cd |
60/40 | 39.40 ± 1.95 ab | 2.20 ± 0.84 bc | 21.20 ± 1.30 a | 9.80 ± 5.60 c | 1.00 ± 0.71 c | 5.00 ± 1.00 de |
40/60 | 39.00 ± 2.12 ab | 3.40 ± 0.89 ab | 23.20 ± 2.39 a | 16.80 ± 0.84 a | 3.00 ± 0.10 a | 7.00 ± 1.00 b |
20/80 | 38.20 ± 0.84 b | 2.00 ± 0.71 c | 21.80 ± 1.30 a | 12.20 ± 2.49 bc | 2.00 ± 0.10 b | 7.00 ± 2.00 b |
0/100 | 37.40 ± 0.89 b | 4.00 ± 0.71 a | 23.00 ± 1.22 a | 16.60 ± 1.40 a | 2.80 ± 0.84 ab | 6.40 ± 0.55 cd |
0/0 | 20.40 ± 0.55 c | 2.20 ± 0.45 bc | 21.00 ± 1.41 a | 18.80 ± 0.45 a | 3.0 0 ± 0.10 a | 14.00 ± 1.00 a |
- | Mn (mg kg−1) | Zn (mg kg−1) | B (mg kg−1) | Cu (mg kg−1) | Fe (mg kg−1) | |
100/0 | 99.0 ± 7.4 b | 45.0 ± 1.2 a | 45.0 ± 2.0 b | 2.0 ± 0.0 b | 177.0 ± 5.5 a | |
80/20 | 127.0 ± 2 3.0 ab | 46.0 ± 3.4 b | 52.0 ± 3.0 b | 2.4 ± 0.9 b | 142.4 ± 37.4 ab | |
60/40 | 115.6 ± 20.7 ab | 61.2 ± 11 b | 41.4 ± 7.8 b | 4.8 ± 2.5 a | 138.4 ± 12.9 ab | |
40/60 | 116.6 ± 1.81 ab | 44.0 ± 1.6 b | 47.2 ± 0.8 b | 4.0 ± 1.0 ab | 143.2 ± 22.6 ab | |
20/80 | 132.0 ± 17.8 a | 39.8 ± 1.1 b | 47.0 ± 0.7 b | 3.4 ± 0.5 ab | 142.8 ± 27.2 ab | |
0/100 | 119.0 ± 25.8 ab | 41.6 ± 9.4b | 46.8 ± 4.3 b | 3.2 ± 0.8 ab | 142.6 ± 21.9 ab | |
0/0 | 82.2 ± 14.3 | 30.0 ± 2.1 c | 97.6 ± 0.6 a | 2.8 ± 0.4 ab | 123.8 ± 26.5 b |
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Rosado, S.I.P.; Santos, J.Z.L.; Saraiva, I.S.D.A.; dos Santos, N.J.R.; Barbosa, T.M.B.; Araujo, J.L. Nitrate/Ammonium Ratios and Nitrogen Deficiency Impact on Nutrient Absorption and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Cedrela odorata. Nitrogen 2024, 5, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5010001
Rosado SIP, Santos JZL, Saraiva ISDA, dos Santos NJR, Barbosa TMB, Araujo JL. Nitrate/Ammonium Ratios and Nitrogen Deficiency Impact on Nutrient Absorption and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Cedrela odorata. Nitrogen. 2024; 5(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosado, Sulianne Idalior Paião, José Zilton Lopes Santos, Ives San Diego Amaral Saraiva, Nonato Junior Ribeiro dos Santos, Tainah Manuela Benlolo Barbosa, and Josinaldo Lopes Araujo. 2024. "Nitrate/Ammonium Ratios and Nitrogen Deficiency Impact on Nutrient Absorption and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Cedrela odorata" Nitrogen 5, no. 1: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5010001