Identification and Characterization of a Potential Antimicrobial Peptide Isolated from Soil Brevibacillus sp. WUL10 and Its Activity against MRSA Pathogens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Microbial Strains and Culture Conditions
2.2. Bacterial Morphology and Identification
2.3. Determination of Growth Curve and Production Kinetics of Antimicrobial Substances
2.4. Agar Well Diffusion Assay
2.5. Purification of Antimicrobial Peptides
2.6. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) and Gel Overlay Assay
2.7. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Antimicrobial Peptide
2.8. Stability Study of Pure Antimicrobial Peptide
2.9. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
2.10. Peptide Sequencing and Antimicrobial Activity of the Synthetic Peptide
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cell Morphology and Phylogenetic Analysis
3.2. Production Kinetics of Antimicrobial Substances
3.3. Purification of Active Antimicrobial Substances
3.4. Determination of the Antimicrobial Activity of Active Substance
3.5. Stability Study of Purified WUL10 Substance
3.6. Effect of Antimicrobial Substance on Bacterial Cells
3.7. Peptide Sequencing, and MIC and MBC Determination of Synthetic Peptide
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Zone of Inhibition (mm ± SD) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
S. aureus TISTR 517 | MRSA Isolate 142 | MRSA Isolate 1096 | MRSA Isolate 2468 | |
WUL10 | 20.15 ± 0.15 | 20.91 ± 0.29 | 20.91 ± 0.15 | 21.34 ± 0.51 |
Cefoxitin (30 µg) | 32.68 ± 0.15 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
Oxacillin (1 µg) | 29.29 ± 0.39 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
Vancomycin (30 µg) | 22.94 ± 0.39 | 24.05 ± 0.15 | 23.96 ± 0.39 | 25.40 ± 0.25 |
Samples | Total Volume (mL) | Total Protein (mg) | Total Activity (AU) | Specific Activity (AU/mg) | Purification (Fold) | Yield (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cell-free supernatant | 1700 | 253.41 | 68,000 | 268.34 | 1.00 | 100.00 |
Ammonium sulfate precipitation | 234 | 116.06 | 37,440 | 322.60 | 1.20 | 55.06 |
Cation exchange chromatography | 285 | 10.33 | 22,800 | 2207.75 | 8.23 | 33.53 |
Reversed-phase chromatography | 70 | 4.31 | 22,400 | 5201.83 | 19.39 | 32.94 |
WUL10 | Cefoxitin | Vancomycin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strains | MIC (µg/mL) | MBC (µg/mL) | MIC (µg/mL) | MIC (µg/mL) | MBC (µg/mL) | MIC (µg/mL) |
S. aureus TISTR 517 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
MRSA isolate 142 | 1 | 2 | N/D | N/D | 2 | 2 |
MRSA isolate 1096 | 1 | 2 | N/D | N/D | 2 | 2 |
MRSA isolate 2468 | 1 | 1 | N/D | N/D | 2 | 2 |
Zone of Inhibition (mm ± SD) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
S. aureus TISTR 517 | MRSA Isolate 142 | MRSA Isolate 1096 | MRSA Isolate 2468 | |
Cefoxitin (30 µg) | 32.77 ± 0.55 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
Vancomycin (30 µg) | 22.48 ± 0.23 | 25.61 ± 0.52 | 25.70 ± 0.55 | 26.75 ± 0.18 |
1× MIC WUL10 (0.1 µg) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 9.70 ± 0.51 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
5× MIC WUL10 (0.5 µg) | 15.91 ± 0.25 | 17.10 ± 0.14 | 18.97 ± 0.39 | 19.43 ± 0.50 |
10× MIC WUL10 (1.0 µg) | 19.24 ± 0.15 | 20.37 ± 0.26 | 20.73 ± 0.25 | 21.81 ± 0.30 |
20× MIC WUL10 (2.0 µg) | 21.80 ± 0.15 | 23.03 ± 0.30 | 23.84 ± 0.39 | 25.22 ± 0.39 |
Conditions | % Remaining Activity | |
---|---|---|
S. aureus TISTR 517 | MRSA Isolate 2468 | |
Untreated sample | 100.00 ± 1.21 | 100.00 ± 1.53 |
Sample at 60 °C, 1 h | 98.80 ± 1.20 | 99.25 ± 1.77 |
Sample at 80 °C, 1 h | 98.39 ± 1.84 | 99.22 ± 0.67 |
Sample at 100 °C, 1 h | 97.58 ± 1.19 * | 98.48 ± 1.32 |
Sample at 121 °C, 15 min | 96.77 ± 0.66 * | 97.72 ± 2.27 |
pH 1 | 100.81 ± 0.70 | 100.03 ± 2.29 |
pH 2 | 100.41 ± 0.70 | 101.17 ± 2.31 |
pH 3 | 100.81 ± 0.70 | 100.03 ± 2.29 |
pH 4 | 100.41 ± 1.40 | 101.17 ± 2.31 |
pH 5 | 100.41 ± 1.40 | 99.25 ± 1.76 |
pH 6 | 99.19 ± 0.70 | 98.49 ± 1.71 |
pH 7 | 100.57 ± 0.78 | 99.92 ± 1.26 |
pH 8 | 97.96 ± 1.40 | 99.23 ± 0.66 |
pH 9 | 97.96 ± 1.40 | 99.23 ± 0.67 |
pH 10 | 97.56 ± 2.11 | 98.47 ± 1.33 |
pH 11 | 97.96 ± 1.40 | 100.00 ± 1.16 |
pH 12 | 96.74 ± 1.40 * | 98.08 ± 1.32 |
pH 13 | 96.33 ± 1.22 * | 98.85 ± 0.01 * |
pH 14 | 96.73 ± 0.72 * | 98.46 ± 0.66 * |
Sample + Proteinase K (1 mg/mL) | 96.68 ± 0.71 * | 95.77 ± 0.64 * |
Sample + Lysozyme (1 mg/mL) | 101.25 ± 1.25 | 101.16 ± 1.16 |
Sample + Trypsin (1 mg/mL) | 97.93 ± 0.71 * | 98.47 ± 0.64 * |
Sample + α-chymotrypsin (1 mg/mL) | 97.12 ± 1.43 * | 96.59 ± 0.08 * |
Sample + 1% SDS | 96.30 ± 1.23 * | 92.03 ± 1.25 * |
Sample + 1% Triton X-100 | 101.65 ± 1.89 | 100.03 ± 2.97 |
Proteinase K (1 mg/mL) | 0.00 ± 0.00 * | 0.00 ± 0.00 * |
Lysozyme (1 mg/mL) | 0.00 ± 0.00 * | 0.00 ± 0.00 * |
Trypsin (1 mg/mL) | 0.00 ± 0.00 * | 0.00 ± 0.00 * |
α-chymotrypsin (1 mg/mL) | 0.00 ± 0.00 * | 0.00 ± 0.00 * |
1% SDS | 95.47 ± 0.71 * | 91.28 ± 1.83 * |
1% Triton X-100 | 0.00 ± 0.00 * | 0.00 ± 0.00 * |
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Atipairin, A.; Songnaka, N.; Krobthong, S.; Yingchutrakul, Y.; Chinnawong, T.; Wanganuttara, T. Identification and Characterization of a Potential Antimicrobial Peptide Isolated from Soil Brevibacillus sp. WUL10 and Its Activity against MRSA Pathogens. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2022, 7, 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7060093
Atipairin A, Songnaka N, Krobthong S, Yingchutrakul Y, Chinnawong T, Wanganuttara T. Identification and Characterization of a Potential Antimicrobial Peptide Isolated from Soil Brevibacillus sp. WUL10 and Its Activity against MRSA Pathogens. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2022; 7(6):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7060093
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtipairin, Apichart, Nuttapon Songnaka, Sucheewin Krobthong, Yodying Yingchutrakul, Thapanee Chinnawong, and Thamonwan Wanganuttara. 2022. "Identification and Characterization of a Potential Antimicrobial Peptide Isolated from Soil Brevibacillus sp. WUL10 and Its Activity against MRSA Pathogens" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 6: 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7060093