A Review of Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM)
Abstract
:1. Introduction and Aims
2. Methodology and Literature Review
3. Data Capture and Processing
3.1. Photogrammetry
3.2. Laser Scanning Technique
3.3. Point Cloud Approach
3.3.1. Semiautomatic Modeling Approach
3.3.2. Automatic Modeling Approach
4. Building Information Modeling (BIM) Approaches
4.1. BIM to Heritage Buildings
4.2. BIM Platforms Groups
- 3D Modelers: Tools for the design of solid parametric models, able to model a real building virtually.
- 3D Viewers: Spatial display tools for models.
- Analyzers: Tools used to analyze the 3D models, generally by means of external-to-BIM platforms.
4.2.1. 3D Modelers
- ArchiCAD (Graphisoft): This is a BIM platform, so it allows for users to work with objects and model them with parametric data. In addition, the use of the open-source scripting language Geometric Description Language (GDL) allows for the creation of any type of object and the storage of these objects in the program’s internal libraries, thus permitting them to be reused or modified in the future. This platform can import and export DWG, DXF, and SketchUp files; it also provides interoperability with other BIM platforms through the use of IFC [82,83]. ArchiCAD is considered to be a commercial BIM platform, due to its legal use.
- Tekla Structures: This commercial BIM platform is used for the detailed design, cutting, manufacturing, and assembly of all types of structures for construction. High complexity 3D models can be created and managed in real time. In addition, this software is an open solution that can import models from other BIM applications using IFC, thus supporting standardization and interoperability. It also supports DWG, CFI, DGN, DXF, CIS/2, DTSV, and SDNF files [84].
- Bentley System: This is a commercial BIM platform, which is subdivided into several modules. This platform is used to address all AEC industry aspects. The Bentley platform consists of a set of applications and services based on open-platform, providing solutions for the entire infrastructure lifecycle. This platform is able to link IFC, DWG, DGN, Dxf, and PDF files. In addition, it can open and manipulate point cloud files [85,86].
- Revit Autodesk: This is an efficient BIM platform to accurately model regular and irregular surfaces, as well as geometric anomalies of the different elements. This software has a changing parametric behavior that helps to quickly construct and change elements into a 3D model. Moreover, this platform generates construction documents with a high level of quality and flexibility. The Revit platform provides interoperability between different software applications through the use of IFC files [87]. In addition, it is able to link DWG, DGN, Dxf, Sat, and SKP files, and it is also a useful tool to open and manipulate point clouds that are stored in .txt, .RCP, or .rcs files. Moreover, the Revit platform allows for users to add new functions or add-ins from the application programming interface (API), programming languages that could be used to create add-ins written in C ++, C # and Python [88]. Autodesk Revit is considered to be a commercial BIM platform, due to its legal use. Moreover, it offers a free student version for three years.
4.2.2. 3D Viewers
- Tekla BIMsight: This is a free BIM application that is used as a tool to communicate and collaborate in construction projects. This application allows for project participants to visualize the complete model, control crash risk, and identify and solve insertion problems. It also allows for the information that is collected to be shared, using the same BIM platform. Tekla BIMsight is compatible with all other BIM platforms because it supports the IFC files [84].
- Navisworks Freedom: This tool allows the coordination, simulation and optimization of constructive programming; Navisworks Freedom can also describe the building changes through time and allows an integral revision of the entire building. Creating multidisciplinary models, including all kinds of information, prototypes, and digital designs, is possible with this software. All of these skills can be combined into a single integrated project model and published in NWD files. In addition, Navisworks Freedom is a free tool that provides interoperability with other platforms upon IFC files [89].
- SketchUp: This is a commercial CAD modeling software, used as a program of graphic design and 3D modeling. SketchUP is widely used by the community of architects, engineers, and designers due to the simplicity and precision of its modeling tools [90]. This software is not considered to be a BIM platform, but it does provide interoperability with other platforms because it supports the BIM extensions (SketchUpBIM, ProfileBuilder, Skalp, etc.) and IFC files.
4.2.3. Analyzers
- Ecotect Analysis: This commercial software allows for the creation, visualization and simulation of energetically efficient and high performance building projects. It provides the performance, use and integration of the building energy, water and materials. In addition, Ecotect allows architects and designers to work easily in 3D, applying all the necessary tools for an efficient and sustainable building. Ecotect Analysis software is also interoperable with Revit® Autodesk [91]. New versions of Revit® Autodesk integrate similar functions within their family-tools. Unfortunately, Autodesk stopped offering Ecotect Analysis in 2015. However, the Ecotect Analysis operating is still considered as efficient for building modeling.
- DAYSIM: This is a free, open-source software that is responsible for analyzing and calculating the availability of natural light and the use of lighting energy in virtual building projects. It is a simulation engine, consisting of a series of command subprograms written in ‘C’. In addition, DAYSIM is compatible with Ecotect, Rhinoceros and SketchUP files [92].
- Energy Plus: This energy simulation program allows AEC professionals to model the energy consumption for heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, etc., of a complete building. In addition, EnergyPlusTM is an open-source software that allows for the exchange of information with other tools.
5. Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM) Approaches
5.1. H-BIM Research
5.1.1. First Category: only BIM Methodologies
5.1.2. Second Category: BIM, Auxiliary Tools and OSS Methodologies
5.1.3. Third Category: BIM, Auxiliary Tools, OSS and GIS Methodologies
5.1.4. Fourth Category: Methodologies without BIM
6. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Journals | Main Topics | Impact Factor * | Number of Selected Publications | ||
1 | Journal of Cultural Heritage | Material science, Multidisciplinary | 1.838 (JCR) | 8 | |
2 | International Journal of Architectural Heritage | Construction & Building Technology | 1.053 (JCR) | 3 | |
3 | Advanced Engineering Informatics | Computer Science, AI | 2.680 (JCR) | 2 | |
4 | Automation in Construction | Construction & Building Technology | 2.919 (JCR) | 12 | |
5 | Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering | Construction & Building Technology | 5.786 (JCR) | 1 | |
6 | Studies in Conservation | Analytical | 0.578 (JCR) | 1 | |
7 | International Journal of Project Management | Management | 4.034 (JCR) | 1 | |
8 | Structural Survey | Buildings and Construction | 0.28 (SJR) | 2 | |
9 | Procedia Engineering | Engineering | 0.74 (CiteScore) | 1 | |
10 | International Journal of Architectural Computing | Computer-aided Architectural design | 0.122 (SJR) | 2 | |
11 | ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing | Remote sensing | 6.387 (JCR) | 23 | |
12 | Survey Review | Remote sensing | 0.929 (JCR) | 5 | |
13 | Computers in Industry | Computer Science | 2.691 (JCR) | 1 | |
14 | Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage | 3D digital models of the cultural heritage | 0.252 (SJR) | 3 | |
15 | DISEGNARE CON | Heritage Architecture | - | 3 | |
16 | Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering | Computer Science, Engineering | 2.310 (JCR) | 1 | |
17 | Computers Environment and Urban Systems | Environmental Science | 2.659 (JCR) | 1 | |
18 | Information and Software Technology | Information Systems, Software Engineering, Graphics | 2.694 (JCR) | 1 | |
19 | WIT Transactions on The Built Environment | Buildings and Construction | 0.12 (SJR) | 4 | |
20 | Science China Information Sciences | Engineering, Material Science | 1.719 (JCR) | 1 | |
21 | Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering | Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications | 5.061 (JCR) | 1 | |
22 | Journal of Information Technology in Construction | Buildings and Construction | 0.352 (SJR) | 2 | |
23 | Leadership and Management in Engineering | Civil and Structural Engineering | 0.144 (SJR) | 1 | |
24 | Virtual Archaeology Review | Conservation, Documentation, 3D surveying | - | 2 | |
25 | International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation | Buildings and Construction | 0.82 (Scopus) | 1 | |
26 | Built Environment Project and Asset Management | Design and Construction management | 1.07 (Scopus) | 1 | |
27 | CSE-City Safety Energy | - | - | 1 | |
28 | SCIRES-IT-SCIentific RESearch and Information Technology | Cultural and environmental Heritage documentation | - | 2 | |
Congress Proceedings | |||||
1 | Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture | 1 | |||
2 | eCAADe Conference | 1 | |||
3 | ICB World Building Congress | 1 | |||
4 | International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering | 2 | |||
5 | International Conference on Big Data (Big Data) IEEE | 1 | |||
6 | Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage) IEEE | 7 | |||
7 | CIB W78 Conference | 1 | |||
8 | International Building Control Conference | 1 | |||
9 | International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia | 2 | |||
10 | International Scientific Committee for Documentation of Cultural Heritage (CIPA) | 2 | |||
11 | International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC) | 1 | |||
12 | Digital Documentation International Conference | 1 | |||
13 | EuroMed | 1 | |||
14 | International Conference of Science and Computation ICCSA | 1 | |||
Books | |||||
1 | Recording, Documentation, and Information Management for the Conservation of Heritage Places | 1 | |||
2 | Heritage Building Information Modelling | 1 | |||
3 | Computational Modeling of Objects Presented in Images | 1 | |||
4 | Handbook of Research on Emerging Technologies for Digital Preservation and Information Modeling | 1 | |||
5 | BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors | 1 | |||
Internet Sources | |||||
1 | ClearEdge 3D | 1 | |||
2 | IMAGINiT | 1 | |||
3 | Graphisoft | 1 | |||
4 | Tekla | 1 | |||
5 | MicroStation | 1 | |||
6 | BuildingSMART | 3 | |||
7 | Autodesk | 1 | |||
8 | DAYSIM | 1 | |||
9 | SKETCHUP | 1 | |||
10 | DURAARK | 1 | |||
11 | Innovmetric | 1 | |||
12 | Meshlab | 1 | |||
Regulations | 2 |
Product Name | Company | Basic Function | Set of Tools | Parametric Objects | Database Structure | Interoperability | OSS | Web Link | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Archicad | Graphisoft | Creating architectural models | 3D Modelers | Yes | A single file | DWG, DXF, IFC, SKP, | No | http://www.graphisoft.com | |
Tekla | Tekla | Detailed design of 3D structures models | 3D Modelers | Yes | Several files | DWG, IFC, DGN, DXF, CIS/2, DTSV y SDNF | No | http://www.tekla.com/la | |
Revit | Revit Architecture | Autodesk | Creating and reviewing 3D models | 3D Modelers | Yes | A single file | DWG, DGN, Dxf, Sat, SKP, IFC, gbXML, | No | http://www.autodesk.com |
Revit Structure | Autodesk | Design and structural review | 3D Modelers | Yes | A single file | DWG, DGN, Dxf, Sat, SKP, IFC | No | http://www.autodesk.com | |
Revit MEP | Autodesk | Design and review of facilities | 3D Modelers | Yes | A single file | DWG, DGN, Dxf, Sat, SKP, IFC | No | http://www.autodesk.com | |
Bentley | Bently Architecture | Bentley Systems | Creating and reviewing 3D models | 3D Modelers | Yes | A single file | IFC, DWG, DGN, Dxf, PDF, gbXML | No | https://www.bentley.com/en |
Bentley Structural Bentley Facilities Bentley power civil Bentley Generative Components | Bentley Systems | Analysis and structural detail. 5D Materials calculation. | 3D Modelers | Si | A single file | IFC, DWG, DGN, Dxf, PDF, gbXML | No | https://www.bentley.com/en | |
SketchUp | Trimble | 3D conceptual modeling design | Spectators/surface modelers | No | A single file | DWG, DXF | No | https://www.sketchup.com | |
NavisWorks Freedom | Autodesk | 3D Model Display | Spectators/surface modelers | No | A single file | IFC | Free Open source | http://www.autodesk.com | |
Ecotect Analysis | Autodesk | Energy, temperature, water and carbon emission analysis | Analyzers | Yes | A single file | IFC | No | http://www.autodesk.com | |
DAYSIM | DAYSIM | Annual illumination calculation. Natural or electric | Analyzers | - | - | SKP, rws, | Free Open source | http://daysim.ning.com/page/program-structure | |
LifeCycle | NREL U.S. LCI integrated | Analysis and calculation of the environmental impact of the materials. | Analyzers | - | - | - | No | http://www.nrel.gov/lci/ |
Reference | Case Study | Category | Software | Summary Methodology |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Del Giudice & Osello, 2013) | The old thermal power plant of Politecnico di Torino, Italy | First category/Only BIM Tools | Autodesk Revit | Creates grids to check consistency between point clouds and historical data. They also model 4D |
(Lòpez et al.; 2017) | Santa Maria la real de Mave church, Spain | Autodesk Revit | Creates parametric components by modifying and developing new Revit families | |
(Brumana et al., 2013) | The church of St. Maria, Italy | Autodesk Revit, Autodesk Green Building Studio | Architectural components are divided into hierarchies and typology. The final product carries out an energy analysis | |
(Ma et al., 2015) | The Huji Temple, traditional Taiwan wooden structure, Taiwan | Autodesk Revit | Creates a workflow methodology to repair historical constructions | |
(Adami et al., 2016) | Varius type of Churches of the province of Mantua, Italy | Autodesk Revit, | Examines the difficulty for rehabilitating damaged churches | |
(Dore et al., 2015) | The Four Courts of Dublin, Ireland | Second category/BIM/OSS and auxiliary tools | 3D “RULED” plug-in, Graphisoft ArchiCAD | Creates an H-BIM library using point cloud and historical data. |
(Nieto et al., 2016) | The Pavilion of Charles V, Seville, Spain | Graphisoft ArchiCAD, GDL | Creates an H-BIM library | |
(Oreni et al., 2013, 2014a, 2014b) | Types of wooden vaults and bean floors and the Basilica di Santa Maria di Collemaggio, Italy | Autodesk Revit, Rhinoceros + NURBS plug-in, MIDAS, AutoCAD. | Uses point clouds and photogrammetry. Subsequently extracts the NURBS curves and creates the 3D models surfaces | |
(Quattrini et al., 2015) | The Church of Santa Maria at Portonovo, Italy | Autodesk Revit + plug-in Protégé, CloudCompare, Cyclone 8.1.3, ReCap | The profiles were designed according to the measurements extracted from the point cloud | |
(Fregonese et al., 2015) | The Galvagnina church, Italy | AutoCAD, Autodesk Revit + plug-in BIM3DGS | The information of each model object is combined with their 3D model using BIM3DGS | |
Baik et al., 2014, 2015) | Historical Jeddah and the Nasif Historical House, Saudi Arabia | Third category BIM/OSS/and GIS tools | Autodesk Revit, Autodesk InfraWorks platform, Rhinoceros | Creates a special library (JHBIM). Integrates BIM with GIS |
Dore & Murphy, 2012 | Is an 18th century Georgian street, Ireland | SketchUp + CityGML plugin, Graphisoft ArchiCAD, | Create sections and levels on the point cloud. Also, use historical data to create the model. | |
(San Jose et al., 2013) | Several types of very damaged heritage buildings in Castilla y León, Spain | Fourth category/OSS/AUX/GIS/non BIM tools | GIS adapted to the open standard CityGML, WebGL, e-Learning, MACE, AVT, ATRAECOM | They have developed a new open source software platform for e-Learning that facilitates the tasks of Architectural Cultural Heritage conservation and rehabilitation. |
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Share and Cite
López, F.J.; Lerones, P.M.; Llamas, J.; Gómez-García-Bermejo, J.; Zalama, E. A Review of Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM). Multimodal Technol. Interact. 2018, 2, 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2020021
López FJ, Lerones PM, Llamas J, Gómez-García-Bermejo J, Zalama E. A Review of Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM). Multimodal Technologies and Interaction. 2018; 2(2):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2020021
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez, Facundo José, Pedro M. Lerones, José Llamas, Jaime Gómez-García-Bermejo, and Eduardo Zalama. 2018. "A Review of Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM)" Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 2, no. 2: 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2020021
APA StyleLópez, F. J., Lerones, P. M., Llamas, J., Gómez-García-Bermejo, J., & Zalama, E. (2018). A Review of Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM). Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 2(2), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2020021