TNF-α Predicts Endothelial Function and Number of CD34+ Cells after Stimulation with G-CSF in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Blood Samples
2.4. Blood Analyses
2.5. Immunomagnetic Positive Selection of CD34+ Cells and Cell Counting
2.6. 6-min Walk Test
2.7. Brachial Artery Ultrasound Imaging
2.8. Transthoracic Echocardiography
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patients Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics
3.2. Flow-Mediated Dilation and CD34+ Cell Counts Predictors
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable (Unit) | Ischemic (n = 18) | Non-Ischemic (n = 38) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 58.00 ± 5.89 | 52.39 ± 10.40 | 0.01 |
LVEF (%) | 27.28 ± 4.45 | 29.67 ± 4.13 | 0.08 |
Na+ (mmol/L) | 141 ± 3 | 141 ± 3 | 0.34 |
K+ (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 0.91 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 8.15 ± 2.9 | 6.85± 4.1 | 0.40 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 92.94 ± 24.41 | 91.58 ± 23.02 | 0.84 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.56 ± 0.66 | 4.70 ± 1.21 | <0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.96 ± 0.50 | 2.85 ± 0.73 | <0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.97 ± 0.20 | 1.20 ± 0.40 | 0.01 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.50 ± 1.0 | 1.42 ± 1.2 | 0.99 |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 1575 (425–2439) | 1273 (225–2239) | 0.40 |
6-min walk test (m) | 417.61 ± 105.46 | 460.80 ± 109.69 | 0.17 |
WBC (×109/L) | 7.25 ± 1.73 | 7.22 ± 1.57 | 0.95 |
RBC (×1012/L) | 4.77 ± 0.38 | 4.79 ± 0.77 | 0.72 |
Hb (g/L) | 146.39 ± 12.44 | 145.79 ± 10.42 | 0.85 |
Platelets (×109/L) | 195.00 ± 48.47 | 218.55 ± 47.30 | 0.09 |
RDW (%) | 14.68 ± 1.48 | 14.23 ± 1.08 | 0.21 |
Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.65 ±2.8 | 5.4± 1.6 | 0.48 |
CD34+ cells (×106) | 67.54 ± 102.32 | 89.76 ± 71.21 | 0.32 |
TNF-α (ng/mL) | 8.72 ± 10.30 | 4.96 ± 6.16 | 0.13 |
ASA | 14/18 (77.8%) | 6/38 (15.8%) | <0.001 |
β-blocker | 18/18 (100.0%) | 37/38 (97.4%) | 0.99 |
ACE inhibitor/ARBs | 18/18 (100.0%) | 36/38 (94.7%) | 0.99 |
Statins | 17/18 (94.4%) | 14/38 (36.8%) | <0.001 |
Aldosterone inhibitors | 15/18 (83.3%) | 23/38 (84.2%) | 0.99 |
Furosemide | 11/18 (61.1%) | 23/38 (60.5%) | 0.97 |
Ivabradine | 1/18 (5.6%) | 4/38 (10.5%) | 0.99 |
Digoxin | 1/18 (5.6%) | 6/38 (15.8%) | 0.41 |
Ischemic HF (n = 18) | Non-Ischemic HF (n = 38) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | ρ | p | ρ | p |
Age | 0.01 | 0.98 | −0.08 | 0.64 |
LVEF | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.14 |
Na+ | 0.21 | 0.40 | 0.17 | 0.32 |
K+ | 0.01 | 0.96 | −0.22 | 0.19 |
BUN | −0.16 | 0.53 | −0.20 | 0.22 |
Creatinine | −0.28 | 0.25 | −0.08 | 0.64 |
Total cholesterol | 0.66 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.96 |
LDL | 0.56 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.79 |
HDL | 0.57 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.92 |
Triglycerides | 0.30 | 0.22 | −0.19 | 0.24 |
NT-proBNP | −0.17 | 0.51 | 0.06 | 0.73 |
6-min walk test | 0.34 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.92 |
WBC | −0.18 | 0.47 | 0.03 | 0.87 |
RBC | −0.12 | 0.62 | 0.10 | 0.56 |
Hb | −0.10 | 0.70 | −0.04 | 0.82 |
Platelets | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.38 | 0.02 |
RDW | 0.12 | 0.64 | 0.24 | 0.15 |
Blood glucose | −0.26 | 0.29 | −0.30 | 0.06 |
CD34+ cells | 0.62 | 0.01 | 0.45 | 0.004 |
TNF-α | 0.54 | 0.02 | 0.57 | 0.001 |
Variable | B | SEB | β | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 254.343 | 92.312 | 0.002 | |
Age | −1.321 | 1.226 | −0.153 | 0.39 |
EF | 0.783 | 1.1215 | 0.054 | 0.52 |
NT-proBNP | −7.234 | 2.453 | −0.223 | 0.14 |
Platelets | −0.234 | 0.263 | −0.176 | 0.52 |
Ischemic heart failure | 0.543 | 1.235 | 0.456 | 0.62 |
FMD | 597.145 | 230.654 | 0.543 | 0.001 |
TNF-α | −392.432 | 187.480 | −0.654 | 0.003 |
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Ugovšek, S.; Rehberger Likozar, A.; Finderle, S.; Poglajen, G.; Okrajšek, R.; Vrtovec, B.; Šebeštjen, M. TNF-α Predicts Endothelial Function and Number of CD34+ Cells after Stimulation with G-CSF in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2022, 9, 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9080281
Ugovšek S, Rehberger Likozar A, Finderle S, Poglajen G, Okrajšek R, Vrtovec B, Šebeštjen M. TNF-α Predicts Endothelial Function and Number of CD34+ Cells after Stimulation with G-CSF in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2022; 9(8):281. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9080281
Chicago/Turabian StyleUgovšek, Sabina, Andreja Rehberger Likozar, Sanjo Finderle, Gregor Poglajen, Renata Okrajšek, Bojan Vrtovec, and Miran Šebeštjen. 2022. "TNF-α Predicts Endothelial Function and Number of CD34+ Cells after Stimulation with G-CSF in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 9, no. 8: 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9080281