Ameliorative Effect of Caffeic Acid on Capecitabine-Induced Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction: Involvement of the Antioxidant Defence System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Experimental Animals
2.3. Animal Grouping and Drug Treatments
2.4. Collection of Blood and Liver Samples
2.5. Preparation of Plasma and Cytosolic Fractions
2.6. Determination of Plasma and Liver Protein Content
2.7. Assay of Biomarkers of Hepatic and Renal Toxicity
2.8. Assay for Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants in the Liver
2.8.1. Hepatic Reduced Glutathione Level
2.8.2. Hepatic Ascorbic Acid (AA) Level
2.9. Assay of Hepatic Antioxidant Enzymes
2.9.1. Hepatic Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Activity
2.9.2. Hepatic Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity
2.9.3. Hepatic Catalase Activity
2.10. Assay of Hepatic Level of Lipid Peroxidation
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Influence of Caffeic Acid on Capecitabine-Induced Changes in Hepatic and Renal Function Markers in the Plasma of Rats
3.2. Effect of Caffeic Acid on Capecitabine-Induced Changes in the Activities of Enzymatic Antioxidants in the Liver of Rats
3.3. Effect of Caffeic Acid on Capecitabine-Induced Changes in the Levels of Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant in the Liver of Rats
3.4. Influence of Caffeic Acid on Capecitabine-Induced Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation in Rats
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment Groups | Treatment Duration (1–14 Days) |
---|---|
A. Control | Distilled water |
B. Capecitabine (CPTB) | 30 mg/kgbw CPTB |
C. Caffeic acid (CFA) | 100 mg/kgbw CFA |
D. CPTB + CFA Co-treated | 100 mg/kg bw CFA + 30 mg/kgbw CPTB |
Treatment | AST (U/L) | ALT (U/L) | ALP (U/L) |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 46.5 ± 1.90 | 3.15 ± 0.11 | 436 ± 2.34 |
CPTB | 74.8 ± 1.20 (37.86%) * | 6.86 ± 0.15 (54.13%) * | 655 ± 4.82 (33.40%) * |
CFA | 50.7 ± 1.21 * | 3.63 ± 0.12 * | 460 ± 7.36 * |
CPTB + CFA | 59.5 ± 3.10 *,¥ | 4.48 ± 0.16 *,¥ | 540 ± 6.64 *,¥ |
Treatment | Urea (mg/dL) | Creatinine (mg/dL) | Bilirubin (mg/dL) |
---|---|---|---|
CONTROL | 74.33 ± 2.34 | 0.98 ± 0.02 | 3.15 ± 0.1 |
CPTB | 104.7 ± 1.03 (28.98%) * | 1.28±0.01 (23.60%) * | 4.83 ± 0.1 (34.83%) * |
CFA | 78.8 ± 1.47 * | 1.10 ± 0.02 * | 3.48 ± 0.2 * |
CPTB + CFA | 90.0 ± 2.28 *,a | 1.15 ± 0.01 *,a | 3.75 ± 0.1 *,a |
Treatment | SOD (Units) | Catalase (µmole H2O2 Consumed/min/mg protein) |
---|---|---|
Control | 26.3 ± 1.37 | 1.48 ± 0.02 |
CPTB | 14.1 ± 0.65 (46.46%) * | 0.79 ± 0.04 (44.67%) * |
CFA | 23.6 ± 0.89 * | 1.23 ± 0.03 * |
CPTB + CFA | 19.7 ± 0.82 *,¥ | 1.10 ± 0.06 *,¥ |
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Olayinka, E.T.; Ola, O.S.; Ore, A.; Adeyemo, O.A. Ameliorative Effect of Caffeic Acid on Capecitabine-Induced Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction: Involvement of the Antioxidant Defence System. Medicines 2017, 4, 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines4040078
Olayinka ET, Ola OS, Ore A, Adeyemo OA. Ameliorative Effect of Caffeic Acid on Capecitabine-Induced Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction: Involvement of the Antioxidant Defence System. Medicines. 2017; 4(4):78. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines4040078
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlayinka, Ebenezer Tunde, Olaniyi Solomon Ola, Ayokanmi Ore, and Oluwatobi Adewumi Adeyemo. 2017. "Ameliorative Effect of Caffeic Acid on Capecitabine-Induced Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction: Involvement of the Antioxidant Defence System" Medicines 4, no. 4: 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines4040078