Lingual Foramina Anatomy: An Observational Study in Dry Mandibles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Specimen Selection
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Quality Assessment
2.4. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Primary Data
3.2. Clustering Small Lingual Foramina Reveals a Lower Bleeding Risk Zone
3.3. Differences Between Dentate and Edentulous Mandibles
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Foramina Location | n (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Left superior quadrant | 117 (30.2) | 0.043 |
Right superior quadrant | 79 (20.4) | |
Left inferior quadrant | 101 (26.1) | |
Right inferior quadrant | 90 (23.3) |
Probability/OR for a Foramen to Be Included in the Zone | All Lingual Foramina; mm (n = 387) | Lingual Foramina Above Genial Tubercle; mm (n = 196) | Lingual Foramina Below Genial Tubercle; mm (n = 191) |
---|---|---|---|
25%/0.33 | 4.56 | 5.45 | 3.69 |
50%/1.00 | 9.03 | 8.20 | 5.93 |
75%/3.00 | 16.56 | 10.03 | 17.22 |
95%/19.00 | 20.86 | 12.73 | 20.56 |
Right (R-LLF) (n = 27) | Proximal (P-MLF) (n = 254) | Superior (S-MLF) (n = 81) | Left (L-LLF) (n = 25) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diameter | 0.39 ± 0.10 | 0.42 ± 0.19 | 0.52 ± 0.22 | 0.40 ± 0.16 | <0.001 |
Height | 6.41 ± 2.10 | 5.61 ± 3.52 | 16.97 ± 3.12 | 5.01 ± 2.39 | <0.001 |
Length | 16.26 ± 3.99 | 2.18 ± 2.02 | 4.89 ± 2.55 | 16.82 ± 3.52 | <0.001 |
Distance from genial tubercle | 17.64 ± 3.81 | 6.43 ± 3.67 | 17.83 ± 3.24 | 17.72 ± 3.48 | <0.001 |
Distance from alveolar ridge | 22.88 ± 5.70 | 16.62 ± 7.13 | 4.12 ± 4.61 | 19.50 ± 6.37 | <0.001 |
Distance from inferior border | 9.71 ± 2.37 | 11.90 ± 5.39 | 27.79 ± 5.35 | 10.21 ± 3.84 | <0.001 |
Parameter | All Mandibles (n = 96) | Dentate Mandibles (n = 50) | Edentulous Mandibles (n = 46) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Foramina number | ||||
Per mandible (n) | 4.03 ± 0.16 | 4.54 ± 0.23 | 3.48 ± 0.20 | 0.001 |
Foramina location (n) | ||||
Right cluster (R-LLF) | 27 | 20 | 7 | <0.001 |
Proximal cluster (P-MLF) | 254 | 122 | 132 | |
Superior cluster (S-MLF) | 81 | 69 | 12 | |
Left cluster (L-LLF) | 25 | 16 | 9 | |
Foramina characteristics (mean ± SE) | ||||
Diameter | 0.44 ± 0.02 | 0.45 ± 0.01 | 0.43 ± 0.02 | 0.094 |
Height | 7.57 ± 0.56 | 8.81 ± 0.42 | 5.80 ± 0.30 | <0.001 |
Length | 4.24 ± 0.54 | 5.03 ± 0.39 | 3.11 ± 0.34 | 0.002 |
Distance from genial tubercle | 8.74 ± 0.54 | 12.02 ± 0.46 | 7.93 ± 0.36 | <0.001 |
Distance from alveolar ridge | 14.19 ± 0.87 | 15.46 ± 0.64 | 12.38 ± 0.53 | <0.001 |
Distance from inferior border | 14.53 ± 0.84 | 16.79 ± 0.59 | 11.31 ± 0.48 | <0.001 |
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Tsatsarelis, C.; Thomaidi, Z.M.; Papadopoulos, V. Lingual Foramina Anatomy: An Observational Study in Dry Mandibles. Dent. J. 2025, 13, 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13050218
Tsatsarelis C, Thomaidi ZM, Papadopoulos V. Lingual Foramina Anatomy: An Observational Study in Dry Mandibles. Dentistry Journal. 2025; 13(5):218. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13050218
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsatsarelis, Charalambos, Zoi Maria Thomaidi, and Vasileios Papadopoulos. 2025. "Lingual Foramina Anatomy: An Observational Study in Dry Mandibles" Dentistry Journal 13, no. 5: 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13050218
APA StyleTsatsarelis, C., Thomaidi, Z. M., & Papadopoulos, V. (2025). Lingual Foramina Anatomy: An Observational Study in Dry Mandibles. Dentistry Journal, 13(5), 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13050218