Immediate Loading of Implants-Supported Fixed Partial Prostheses in Posterior Regions: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Quality Assessment
2.3. Data Extraction
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Risk of Bias
3.3. Data Synthesis
3.4. Incidence of Complications
3.5. Analysis of Complications Based on Follow-Up Duration
- Slope (0.0595): For each additional month of follow-up, the rate of biological complications increases by approximately 0.0595. This indicates a gradual rise in complications over time, reflecting a steady accumulation of biological challenges.
- Intercept (−0.309): At 0 months of follow-up, the theoretical baseline level of biological complications is nearly negligible (−0.309), suggesting minimal initial complications at the start of observation.
- R2 (0.522): The R2 value of 0.522 indicates that 52.2% of the variability found in biological complications is explained by the duration of follow-up. This suggests a relationship between the duration of follow-up and the incidence of biological complications.
- Slope (0.1299): The mechanical complications show a steeper increase than the biological ones, with a slope of 0.1299 for each additional month of follow-up. This shows that the rate of increase in incidence with time is higher for mechanical issues.
- Intercept (−0.624): At the initial follow-up period of 0 months, the predicted baseline rate of mechanical complications is almost negligible (−0.624), showing a very low prevalence of mechanical issues at that time.
- The R2 value of 0.199 indicates that the follow-up duration explains only 19.9% of the variation seen in mechanical complications. This result implies that other factors, other than the follow-up duration, have significant effects on the development of mechanical complications.
3.6. Primary Stability
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Focused Question (PICO) | What is the Current Knowledge about Immediate Loading Implants in the Posterior Region of Fixed Partial Prosthesis? | |
---|---|---|
Search | Strategy | Partially edentulous patients in the posterior regions, in the mandible or maxilla. |
Population | ||
Intervention or Exposure | Placement of implants and simultaneous positioning of the provisional prosthesis. | |
Comparison | Implant rehabilitations of partially edentulous regions without immediate prosthesis. | |
Outcome | Survival rate, complication rate. | |
Database Electronic search | PubMed Medline, Web of Science databases, manual search. | |
Journals | Periodontology 2000, Clinical Advances in Periodontics, Dentistry Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Frontiers in Oral Health, International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Lasers in Dental Science, Journal of Periodontal Research. | |
Selection criteria | Inclusion criteria | Studies at all levels of evidence, except expert opinion; articles published in English; articles published in the last 10 years. |
Exclusion criteria | Review articles, animal studies, in vitro studies. Multiple publications on the same patient population. Letters to editors. Full text not available/accessible. |
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | Overall | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cesaretti G. (2015) [21] | ||||||
Weerapong K. et al. (2019) [22] | ||||||
Daher FI et al. (2020) [25] | ||||||
Esposito et al. (2024) [26] | ||||||
Kim YY et al. (2021) [27] |
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | Overall | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perelli M. et al. (2020) [18] | ||||||||
Anitua E. et al. (2019) [19] | ||||||||
Maló P. et al. (2015) [20] | ||||||||
Agliardi et al. (2014) [23] | ||||||||
Amato F. et al. (2024) [24] |
Reference, Year, Country | Study Design | N° Implants | Implant Type | Prosthesis Haracteristics | Implant Lost |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perelli M. et al. (2020) [18] Italy | Prospective study | Max: 46 Mand: 23 | Short, cylindrical, threaded implants, 7.0 mm or 8.5 mm in length. | Provisional: Acrylic resin, screw-retained. Definitive: Metal–ceramic materials screw-retained and cement-retained. | 6 implants lost in maxillary region |
Anitua E. et al. (2019) [19] Spain | Retrospective clinical study | 48 | Extra-short implants (6.5 mm) by BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain. | Provisional: Acrylic resin, screw-retained. Definitive: Metal–ceramic materials, screw-retained. | - |
Maló P et al. (2015) [20] Portugal | Retrospective Clinical Study | Max: 215 Mand: 266 | Cylindrical, 7–15 mm length, TiUnite surface, immediate function protocol. | Provisional: Acrylic resin screw-retained Definitive: Metal–ceramic materials, screw-retained. | Maxilla: 6 lost— Mandible: 2 lost. |
Cesaretti G. (2015) [21] Cuba | Randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial. | Max: 71 | Straumann SLA, 4.1 mm diameter, 8–12 mm length. | Provisional: Acrylic resin, screw-retained. Definitive: Metal–ceramic materials, screw-retained. | - |
Weerapong K. Et al. (2019) [22] Thailand | Randomized clinical trial | Mand: 46 | PW+ Implant, 6–10 mm. | Provisional Prosthesis: Hybrid ceramic, fabricated using CAD/CAM technology, screw-retained. Definitive Prosthesis: Not specified | 2 short, 1 standard implant lost. |
Agliardi et al. (2014) [23] Italy | Prospective Clinical Study | Max: 20 | NobelSpeedy Groovy (Nobel Biocare), axial and tilted, 11.5–25 mm length, TiUnite surface. | Provisional: Acrylic resin, screw-retained. Definitive: CAD/CAM framework with titanium and acrylic teeth, screw-retained. | - |
Amato F. et al. (2024) [24] Italy | Prospective study | Max: 128 Mand: 50 | - | Provisional: Acrylic resin, screw-retained. Definitive: Not specified | One implant failure. |
Daher FI et al. (2020) [25] Lebanon | Split-mouth randomized controlled trial. | Max:120 | NobelActive implants (Nobel Biocare), variable-thread tapered, 10–15 mm length, dual acid-etched. | Provisional: Acrylic resin, screw-retained. Definitive: Metal–ceramic materials, screw-retained. | - |
Esposito et al. (2024) [26] Italy | Multicenter randomized controlled trial | 72 implants: 34 occlusion, 38 non-occlusion | T3 Certain Tapered Prevail implants (ZimVie Dental), dual acid-etched, 8.5–13 mm length. | Provisional: Acrylic resin, screw-retained. Definitive: Metal–ceramic materials, screw-retained. | 2 implants lost (occlusion group), 0 lost (non-occlusion group) |
Kim YY et al. (2021) [27] South Korea | Randomized clinical trial | Max: 46 Mand: 56 | Tapered implants (TI) (Luna, Shinhung) and Straight implants (SI) (Straumann Bone Level), SLA surface, 8–10 mm length. | Provisional: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), screw-retained. Definitive: Metal–ceramic or zirconia-based materials, likely screw-retained or cement-retained. | 2 TI, 7 SI implants lost |
Reference, Year, Country | N° of Implants | Follow-Up Duration | Biological Complications | Mechanical Complications | Survival Rate % | Complications (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perelli M. et al. (2020) [18] Italy | 69 | 8 years | 6 maxillary implants failed during first year | No prosthetic failures over 8 years | 95.6% | 4.34% |
Anitua E. et al. (2019) [19] Spain | 48 | 14 months | Higher bone loss in short-long splinted group | No prosthetic failures; distal bone loss higher | 100% | 6.25% |
Maló P et al. (2015) [20] Portugal | 481 | 10 years | 12 biological complications; peri-implantitis | 43 mechanical complications | 96.7% | 21.6% |
Cesaretti G. (2015) [21] Cuba | 71 | 3 years | No biological complications | No mechanical complications | 100% | 0% |
Weerapong K. Et al. (2019) [22] Thailand | 46 | 1 year | 2 short implants failed (early failure) | Crown fractures: 3 short, 2 conventional | 91.3% (short), 95.7% (standard) | 10.87% |
Agliardi et al. (2014) [23]. Italy | 20 | 50 months | No biological complications | None reported | 100% | 0% |
Amato F. et al. (2024) [24] Italy | 178 | 6 to 10 years (mean 7 years) | 1 implant failure in group 1 | None reported | 99.5% | 0,56% |
Daher FI et al. (2020) [25] Lebanon | 120 | 12 months | Higher bone loss in second molars; peri-implantitis | Mechanical failures in prosthesis connections | 100% | 15% |
Esposito et al. (2024) [26] Italy | 72 | 10 years | 5 peri-implantitis cases in occlusion group | Prosthetic fractures and detachment | Non-Occlusion group, 100%. Occlusion group 94.12% | 12.5% |
Kim YY et al. (2021) [27] South Korea | 102 | 12 months | 2 infections in GBR sites; peri-implantitis (1 case) | Prosthesis fractures (4 in TI, 6 in SI groups) | TI: 96.2%, SI: 86.0% | 11% |
Reference, Year, Country | Primary Stability Measurement |
---|---|
Perelli M. et al. (2020) [18] Italy | Insertion Torque: 47.12 ± 6.37 Ncm (Tapered); 41.60 ± 9.77 Ncm (Straight) |
Anitua E. et al. (2019) [19] Spain | ISQ values monitored (Osstell Mentor) |
Maló P et al. (2015) [20] Portugal | Insertion Torque > 30 Ncm required for immediate loading |
Cesaretti G. (2015) [21] Cuba | Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA), ISQ values > 70 |
Weerapong K. Et al. (2019) [22] Thailand | Manual Torque Wrenches, thresholds not reported |
Agliardi et al. (2014) [23] Italy | Insertion Torque ≥ 35 Ncm (Threshold for stability) |
Amato F. et al. (2024) [24] Italy | Insertion Torque recorded, values not disclosed |
Daher FI et al. (2020) [25] Lebanon | ISQ measurements tracked at 3, 6, and 12 months |
Esposito et al. (2024) [26] Italy | Insertion Torque: range 30–50 Ncm |
Kim YY et al. (2021) [27] Republic of Korea | No explicit mention of primary stability |
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Share and Cite
D’Albis, G.; Forte, M.; Alrashadah, A.O.; Marini, L.; Corsalini, M.; Pilloni, A.; Capodiferro, S. Immediate Loading of Implants-Supported Fixed Partial Prostheses in Posterior Regions: A Systematic Review. Dent. J. 2025, 13, 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13050213
D’Albis G, Forte M, Alrashadah AO, Marini L, Corsalini M, Pilloni A, Capodiferro S. Immediate Loading of Implants-Supported Fixed Partial Prostheses in Posterior Regions: A Systematic Review. Dentistry Journal. 2025; 13(5):213. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13050213
Chicago/Turabian StyleD’Albis, Giuseppe, Marta Forte, Abdulrahman Omar Alrashadah, Lorenzo Marini, Massimo Corsalini, Andrea Pilloni, and Saverio Capodiferro. 2025. "Immediate Loading of Implants-Supported Fixed Partial Prostheses in Posterior Regions: A Systematic Review" Dentistry Journal 13, no. 5: 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13050213
APA StyleD’Albis, G., Forte, M., Alrashadah, A. O., Marini, L., Corsalini, M., Pilloni, A., & Capodiferro, S. (2025). Immediate Loading of Implants-Supported Fixed Partial Prostheses in Posterior Regions: A Systematic Review. Dentistry Journal, 13(5), 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13050213