Minimally Invasive Root Canal Cleaning: Evaluating Supplementary Irrigation Techniques
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Micro-CT Scanning
2.3. Manufacture of 3D Replicas in Resin
2.4. Tissue Simulation with Hydrogel Model
2.5. Experimental Groups
- Positive Pressure (Control) irrigation with an open-ended 30G needle positioned 3 mm up from the WL.
- Cordless PUI Ultra X (Eighteeth, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China), with two activation cycles of 30 seg using a silver tip size of 20/.02 positioned 2 mm up from the WL.
- Conventional PUI (Varios 370 Lux, NSK America Corp., Hoffman Estates, IL, USA) with two activation cycles of 30 seg using a Irrisafe 20/.02 tip (Acteon, Merignac, France) positioned 2 mm up from the WL.
- DL at 980 nm with a power of LX16 plus (Woodpecker Medical Instrument Co., LTD, Guangdong, China) and a 0.2 mm tip positioned 3 mm up from the WL. Two activation cycles of 30 s were performed during the procedure.
2.6. Tissue Cleaning Efficiency
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Features | Conventional Syringe | Cordless PUI | Conventional PUI | Laser 1W |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tissue remnants | ||||
Full canal | ||||
Surface (mm3) | ||||
Initial surface | 17,453.2 (16,862.4; 6997–26,698) | 17,168.4 (15,986.3; 5909–28,076) | 17,568.1 (16,536.3; 6408–27,458) | 17,877.4 (16,398.2; 6205–27,809) |
Final | 6800.2 (6375.2; 2012–16,034) | 5837.4 (5640.3; 0–13,482) | 6944.2 (6530.3; 0–14,488) | 6625.4 (6909.1; 0–16,164) |
Δ% | 36.1 (36.3; 11–62) | 29.1 (23.2; 0–65) | 37.3 (37.2; 0–55) | 35.4 (37.4; 0–80) |
Apical | ||||
Surface (mm3) | ||||
Initial | 3749.3 (3692.4; 933–9456) | 3567.3 (3479.3; 628–8413) | 3460.2 (3707.4; 107–4763) | 3549.1 (3208.2; 853–8514) |
Final | 1574.3 (870.2; 69–8192) | 1246.1 (889.4; 0–3923) | 484.6 (398.2; 0–6052) | 1035.3 (965.1; 0–4128) |
Δ% | 42.2 (40.3; 7–87) a | 30.4 (25.2; 0–84) b | 14.1 (1.3; 0–87) c | 29.3 (22.2; 0–85) b |
Middle | ||||
Surface (mm3) | ||||
Initial | 5708.8 (5679.1; 2301–9934) | 5494.2 (5463.4; 2460–9527) | 5413.4 (5254.3; 2614–9644) | 5277.2 (5086.1; 2795–9547) |
Final | 1951.3 (1566.2; 0–5603) | 745.2 (500.4; 0–4726) | 777.2 (694.3; 0–4875) | 659.2 (654.3; 0–4769) |
Δ% | 34.3 (31.1; 0–85) a | 13.4 (10.2; 0–53) b | 14.3 (12.2; 0–67) b | 12.1 (10.1; 0–57) b |
Coronal | ||||
Surface(mm3) | ||||
Inicial | 8387.7 (8229.2; 3936–11,567) | 8470.4 (8342.1; 3857–11,760) | 8153.1 (8174.1; 3466–11,834) | 8595.4 (8063.2; 3305–11,618) |
Final | 2995.8 (2557.1; 0–8219) | 2559.4 (2483.1; 0–7609) | 2453.6 (2396.3; 0–8539) | 2590.3 (2457.2; 0–7997) |
Δ% | 35.1 (34.1; 0–84) | 30.4 (29.1; 0–75) | 30.2 (33.2; 0–81) | 30.1 (34.2; 0–83) a |
Features (Mean-Median-Range) | Conventional Syringe | Cordless PUI | Conventional PUI | Laser 1W |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tissue remnants | ||||
All canal | ||||
Surface (mm2) | ||||
Initial surface | 14,166.2 (13,983.3; 6695–22,107) | 14,037.2 (13,019.2; 6416–22,449) | 14,587.3 (13,761.2; 6353–22,642) | 14,163.3 (13,045.1; 6522–22,445) |
Final | 6670.1 (4787.1; 606–17,830) | 5486.3 (4719.2; 0–13,341) | 5570.3 (4676.1; 0–18,473) | 5285.2 (4841.2; 0–15,702) |
Δ% | 47.2 (41.2; 9–88) | 39.4 (32.3; 0–85) | 38.4 (26.3; 0–77) | 37.4 (23.1; 0–91) |
Apical | ||||
Surface (mm2) | ||||
Initial | 2788.3 (2483.2; 695–5483) | 2356.4 (2129.3; 678–5266) | 2425.2 (2262.2; 674–5160) | 2420.3 (2396.1; 658–5381) |
Final | 1080.4 (945.3; 216–3131) | 951.3 (835.4; 0–3375) | 970.1 (801.3; 0–3732) | 859.2 (730.2; 0–2549) |
Δ% | 42.3 (41.2; 13–71) | 41.2 (31.3; 0–86) | 40.3 (37.2; 0–85) | 35.2 (31.2; 0–83) |
Middle | ||||
Surface(mm2) | ||||
Initial | 5620.3 (4720.1; 1700–8417) | 5397.2 (4587.5 (1807–8646) | 5558.4 (4565.2; 1622–8599) | 5424.1 (4583.4; 1738–8506) |
Final | 1345.4 (1293.4; 0–5248) | 1771.2 (1760.1; 0–5302) | 1389.3 (103.2; 0–1168) | 1387.4 (1223.1; 0–5919) |
Δ% | 24.1 (21.2; 0–85) | 32.3 (21.2; 0–86) | 24.4 (22.1; 0–89) | 23.3 (22.2; 0–88) |
Coronal | ||||
Surface(mm2) | ||||
Inicial | 7636.3 (7098.1; 4795–9894) | 7480.2 (7297.3; 4550–9515) | 7780.3 (7584.1; 4798–9400) | 7713.3 (7576.3; 4355–9502) |
Final | 3715.2 (3084.3; 0–9255) | 3170.2 (2885.4; 0–8616) | 3568.4 (3308.2; 0–8692) | 3631.2 (3389.1; 0–8415) |
Δ% | 49.1 (45.3; 0–94) | 41.3 (38.2; 0–97) | 45.3 (41.2; 0–96) | 47.3 (43.2; 0–96) |
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Tiscareño, A.; Ortolani-Seltenerich, P.S.; Ramírez-Muñoz, A.; Pérez-Ron, O.; Mendez S, P.M.; Leal-Moya, C.; Malvicini, G.; Vieira, G.C.S.; Pérez, A.R. Minimally Invasive Root Canal Cleaning: Evaluating Supplementary Irrigation Techniques. Dent. J. 2025, 13, 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13050192
Tiscareño A, Ortolani-Seltenerich PS, Ramírez-Muñoz A, Pérez-Ron O, Mendez S PM, Leal-Moya C, Malvicini G, Vieira GCS, Pérez AR. Minimally Invasive Root Canal Cleaning: Evaluating Supplementary Irrigation Techniques. Dentistry Journal. 2025; 13(5):192. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13050192
Chicago/Turabian StyleTiscareño, Alissa, P. S. Ortolani-Seltenerich, Ana Ramírez-Muñoz, Omar Pérez-Ron, Pedro M. Mendez S, Carmen Leal-Moya, Giulia Malvicini, Gaya C. S. Vieira, and Alejandro R. Pérez. 2025. "Minimally Invasive Root Canal Cleaning: Evaluating Supplementary Irrigation Techniques" Dentistry Journal 13, no. 5: 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13050192
APA StyleTiscareño, A., Ortolani-Seltenerich, P. S., Ramírez-Muñoz, A., Pérez-Ron, O., Mendez S, P. M., Leal-Moya, C., Malvicini, G., Vieira, G. C. S., & Pérez, A. R. (2025). Minimally Invasive Root Canal Cleaning: Evaluating Supplementary Irrigation Techniques. Dentistry Journal, 13(5), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13050192