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GERMS
Volume 8
Issue 2
10.18683/germs.2018.1134
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Article

Occurrence, Molecular and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Raw Cow’s Milk Trade by Street Trading in Meknes City, Morocco

by
Aziz Bouymajane
1,
Fouzia Rhazi Filali
1,*,
Said Oulghazi
2,
Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
1,
Faouzia Benhallam
1,
Abdallah El Allaoui
1,
Jawad Anissi
3,
Khalid Sendide
3,
Bouchra Ouhmidou
4 and
Mohieddine Moumni
4
1
Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Zitoune Meknes BP 11201, Morocco
2
Cellular Genomics and Molecular Techniques of Investigations, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Zitoune Meknes BP 11201, Morocco
3
Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University, Av. Hassan II, P.O. Box 104, Ifrane, Morocco
4
Bioactive Molecules, Structures and Functions, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fes, Morocco
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
GERMS 2018, 8(2), 77-84; https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2018.1134
Submission received: 15 December 2017 / Revised: 7 March 2018 / Accepted: 16 May 2018 / Published: 4 June 2018
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Enterococcus spp. belongs to a group of pathogens which are responsible for serious infections. This study aims at highlighting the raw milk microbiological contamination and at providing data for prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from raw cow’s milk marketed (without any pasteurization) by street traders. Methods: During the period of May 2015 through April 2016, 150 cow’s raw milk samples were collected from street traders in Meknes city. They were examined for the identification of Enterococcus spp. using biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined. Results: The results showed that 11.3% (17/150) of samples were positive for the presence of Enterococcus spp., of which 64.7% were identified as Enterococcus faecalis, 17.6% as Enterococcus faecium, 11.8% as Enterococcus durans and 5.9% as Enterococcus hirae. The antimicrobial susceptibility showed that all Enterococcus spp. were resistant to ampicillin. The species E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans and E. hirae were resistant to streptomycin, with percentages of 52.9% (9/17), 11.8% (2/17), 11.8% (2/17), and 5.9% (1/17) respectively. All isolated strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium were resistant to tetracycline. The multiple antibiotic resistance index was elevated in the majority of Enterococcus spp., reaching values higher than 0.5, indicating a risk for public health. Conclusion: This study shows that the raw milk consumed by the population is contaminated with strains of Enterococcus resistant to antibiotics used in breeding for prophylactic purposes. This requires raising the awareness of those involved in the production and marketing of milk, so as to take measures to apply good hygienic practices and rationalize the use of zootechnical antibiotics.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; MAR (index); Enterococcus spp.; raw cow’s milk; 16S rRNA antimicrobial resistance; MAR (index); Enterococcus spp.; raw cow’s milk; 16S rRNA

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bouymajane, A.; Filali, F.R.; Oulghazi, S.; Ed-Dra, A.; Benhallam, F.; El Allaoui, A.; Anissi, J.; Sendide, K.; Ouhmidou, B.; Moumni, M. Occurrence, Molecular and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Raw Cow’s Milk Trade by Street Trading in Meknes City, Morocco. GERMS 2018, 8, 77-84. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2018.1134

AMA Style

Bouymajane A, Filali FR, Oulghazi S, Ed-Dra A, Benhallam F, El Allaoui A, Anissi J, Sendide K, Ouhmidou B, Moumni M. Occurrence, Molecular and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Raw Cow’s Milk Trade by Street Trading in Meknes City, Morocco. GERMS. 2018; 8(2):77-84. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2018.1134

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bouymajane, Aziz, Fouzia Rhazi Filali, Said Oulghazi, Abdelaziz Ed-Dra, Faouzia Benhallam, Abdallah El Allaoui, Jawad Anissi, Khalid Sendide, Bouchra Ouhmidou, and Mohieddine Moumni. 2018. "Occurrence, Molecular and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Raw Cow’s Milk Trade by Street Trading in Meknes City, Morocco" GERMS 8, no. 2: 77-84. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2018.1134

APA Style

Bouymajane, A., Filali, F. R., Oulghazi, S., Ed-Dra, A., Benhallam, F., El Allaoui, A., Anissi, J., Sendide, K., Ouhmidou, B., & Moumni, M. (2018). Occurrence, Molecular and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Raw Cow’s Milk Trade by Street Trading in Meknes City, Morocco. GERMS, 8(2), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2018.1134

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