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Volume 13
Issue 1
10.18683/germs.2023.1366
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Article

Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Clinical and Household Tap Water Samples: Antibiotic Resistance, Screening for Extended-Spectrum, Metallo- and AmpC-Beta-Lactamases, and Detection of BlaTEM, BlaSHV and BlaCTX-M in Uyo, Nigeria

by
Olajide J. Akinjogunla
1,*,
Adebowale T. Odeyemi
2,
Edinam-Abasi S. Udofia
1,
Oyetayo O. Adefiranye
3,
Clarence S. Yah
4,
Igbagbo Ehinmore
5 and
Idongesit U. Etukudo
6
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
2
Department of Microbiology, College of Pure and Applied Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
3
Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria
4
School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
5
Department of Biological Sciences, Lagos State University of Science and Technology, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria
6
Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
GERMS 2023, 13(1), 50-59; https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2023.1366
Submission received: 5 October 2022 / Revised: 18 February 2023 / Accepted: 1 March 2023 / Published: 31 March 2023
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and AmpC-β-lactamase (AmpC-βL)-producers are increasing globally. This study identified bacteria in clinical and tap water samples and determined the prevalence of MDR, and β-lactamase enzymes and genes. Methods Isolates were identified by the Vitek 2 (bioMérieux, France) automated system. Antibiotic resistance and screening for β-lactamase enzymes and genes was done using disc diffusion method and Vitek 2 automated system, CHROMagar-ESBL, combined double disc, inhibition-based method and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results The Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella sonnei, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter sakazakii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter diversus, and Serratia liquefaciens. Of the 674 isolates from clinical samples, 36.5%, 28.5%, and 19.9% were ESBL, MBL, and AmpC-βL producers, respectively. A low prevalence of AmpC-βL and MBL producers were obtained, with no significant difference (p < 0.05) between the prevalence of ESBL and non-ESBL producers. Isolates exhibited varied levels of resistance to gentamicin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. The results showed that 54.6% of ESBL producers, 57.9% of MBL producers, and 62.8% of AmpC-βL producers were MDR strains. Of the 141 representative isolates tested, 36.9%, 15.6%, and 20.6% had only blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M, respectively; 5.7% possessed both blaTEM and blaSHV; 7.1% possessed both blaTEM and blaCTX-M and 4.3% had both blaSHV and blaCTX-M. Conclusions This study found a high prevalence of β-lactamase producers, indicating the need for further research on the molecular epidemiology of β-lactamase producers and their impacts in the region.
Keywords: enterobacteriaceae; multidrug; betalactamase; resistance; prevalence enterobacteriaceae; multidrug; betalactamase; resistance; prevalence

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MDPI and ACS Style

Akinjogunla, O.J.; Odeyemi, A.T.; Udofia, E.-A.S.; Adefiranye, O.O.; Yah, C.S.; Ehinmore, I.; Etukudo, I.U. Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Clinical and Household Tap Water Samples: Antibiotic Resistance, Screening for Extended-Spectrum, Metallo- and AmpC-Beta-Lactamases, and Detection of BlaTEM, BlaSHV and BlaCTX-M in Uyo, Nigeria. GERMS 2023, 13, 50-59. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2023.1366

AMA Style

Akinjogunla OJ, Odeyemi AT, Udofia E-AS, Adefiranye OO, Yah CS, Ehinmore I, Etukudo IU. Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Clinical and Household Tap Water Samples: Antibiotic Resistance, Screening for Extended-Spectrum, Metallo- and AmpC-Beta-Lactamases, and Detection of BlaTEM, BlaSHV and BlaCTX-M in Uyo, Nigeria. GERMS. 2023; 13(1):50-59. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2023.1366

Chicago/Turabian Style

Akinjogunla, Olajide J., Adebowale T. Odeyemi, Edinam-Abasi S. Udofia, Oyetayo O. Adefiranye, Clarence S. Yah, Igbagbo Ehinmore, and Idongesit U. Etukudo. 2023. "Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Clinical and Household Tap Water Samples: Antibiotic Resistance, Screening for Extended-Spectrum, Metallo- and AmpC-Beta-Lactamases, and Detection of BlaTEM, BlaSHV and BlaCTX-M in Uyo, Nigeria" GERMS 13, no. 1: 50-59. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2023.1366

APA Style

Akinjogunla, O. J., Odeyemi, A. T., Udofia, E.-A. S., Adefiranye, O. O., Yah, C. S., Ehinmore, I., & Etukudo, I. U. (2023). Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Clinical and Household Tap Water Samples: Antibiotic Resistance, Screening for Extended-Spectrum, Metallo- and AmpC-Beta-Lactamases, and Detection of BlaTEM, BlaSHV and BlaCTX-M in Uyo, Nigeria. GERMS, 13(1), 50-59. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2023.1366

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