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Article

Clinical Factors Predictive of Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection at the Emergency Department

by
Pariwat Phungoen
1,
Korakot Apiratwarakul
1,
Nunchalit Lerdprawat
1,
Kamonwon Ienghong
1,
Sumana Sumritrin
2,
Watchara Boonsawat
3 and
Kittisak Sawanyawisuth
3,*
1
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
2
Accidental and Emergency Unit, Division of Nursing, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
3
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
GERMS 2022, 12(2), 231-237; https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1325
Submission received: 18 November 2021 / Revised: 10 May 2022 / Accepted: 23 May 2022 / Published: 30 June 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Bloodstream infection is a common condition at the Emergency Department (ED). Appropriate antibiotic therapy is also crucial for patients with bloodstream infection particularly at the ED. This study therefore aimed to find clinical factors predictive of types of bacterial pathogens in bloodstream infection patients presenting at the ED focused on Gram-negative bacterial infections. Methods: This was a retrospective study. The inclusion criteria were adult patients who were suspected for bloodstream infection defined by blood culture collection presenting at the ED and intravenous antibiotics were initiated during the ED visits. The study period was between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018. Clinical data of the eligible patients were retrieved from the ED database. Factors associated with Gram-negative infection were calculated by logistic regression analysis. Results: There were 727 patients at the ED who had positive blood culture for bacteria. Of those, 504 patients (69.33%) had positive blood culture for Gram-negative bacteria. There were three independent factors for Gram-negative infection including sex, solid organ malignancy, and body temperature. The highest adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 2.004 (1.330, 3.020) for solid organ malignancy. Conclusions: Gram-negative bacterial infection was more prominent than Gram-positive bacterial infection in patients presenting at the ED (69.33%). Solid organ malignancy, being female, and a high body temperature were independent factors of Gram-negative bacterial infection.
Keywords: sepsis; sex; fever; risk factor sepsis; sex; fever; risk factor

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Phungoen, P.; Apiratwarakul, K.; Lerdprawat, N.; Ienghong, K.; Sumritrin, S.; Boonsawat, W.; Sawanyawisuth, K. Clinical Factors Predictive of Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection at the Emergency Department. GERMS 2022, 12, 231-237. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1325

AMA Style

Phungoen P, Apiratwarakul K, Lerdprawat N, Ienghong K, Sumritrin S, Boonsawat W, Sawanyawisuth K. Clinical Factors Predictive of Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection at the Emergency Department. GERMS. 2022; 12(2):231-237. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1325

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phungoen, Pariwat, Korakot Apiratwarakul, Nunchalit Lerdprawat, Kamonwon Ienghong, Sumana Sumritrin, Watchara Boonsawat, and Kittisak Sawanyawisuth. 2022. "Clinical Factors Predictive of Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection at the Emergency Department" GERMS 12, no. 2: 231-237. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1325

APA Style

Phungoen, P., Apiratwarakul, K., Lerdprawat, N., Ienghong, K., Sumritrin, S., Boonsawat, W., & Sawanyawisuth, K. (2022). Clinical Factors Predictive of Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection at the Emergency Department. GERMS, 12(2), 231-237. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1325

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