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Article

Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life of Persistent Symptoms of COVID-19 Syndrome in Indonesia

by
Agus Dwi Susanto
1,2,*,
Fathiyah Isbaniah
1,2,
Irandi Putra Pratomo
1,2,3,
Budhi Antariksa
1,2,
Erlang Samoedro
1,2,
Muhammad Taufik
4,
Fadlika Harinda
4 and
Fariz Nurwidya
1,2
1
Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jalan Persahabatan Raya no.1, Rawamangun Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
2
Indonesian Society of Respirology, Jakarta, Indonesia
3
COVID-19 Task Force, Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine Unit, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
4
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Persahabatan Raya no.1, Rawamangun Jakarta, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
GERMS 2022, 12(2), 158-168; https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1319
Submission received: 24 July 2022 / Revised: 29 November 2022 / Accepted: 3 April 2022 / Published: 30 June 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) manifests in a broad clinical spectrum. COVID-19 survivors report various symptoms up to several months after being infected. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of persistent COVID-19 syndrome in Indonesia, the factors that influence the incidence, and the quality of life. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with an online questionnaire conducted in January 2021. Inclusion criteria were: adult Indonesian citizens who had recovered from COVID-19, and were confirmed negative by RT-PCR of nasal swabs or had undergone an isolation period for a minimum of 14 days. Data analysis was performed by the Chi-square test, followed by multivariate analysis with the backward likelihood ratio method. Results: From a total of 385 respondents, 256 (66.5%) experienced persistent COVID-19 syndrome. The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue (29.4%), cough (15.5%), and muscle pain (11.2%). Of the five aspects of quality of life, the most commonly reported aspects were pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. The risk of persistent COVID-19 syndrome was significantly higher in subjects with older age, comorbidities, higher clinical severity, previous treatment in hospital, presence of pneumonia, and those who had required oxygen therapy. In the multivariate analysis, the most influential factor for the incidence of persistent COVID-19 syndrome was pneumonia (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.29–4.11, p < 0.002). Conclusions: The prevalence of the persistent COVID-19 syndrome in Indonesia was high, which affects the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors. Pneumonia was the main factor that influenced the incidence of persistent COVID-19 syndrome. Further research with a larger sample size and a longer study time is recommended to control COVID-19 and its impact on the health and quality of life of COVID-19 survivors.
Keywords: Asia; COVID-19; persistent syndrome; quality of life Asia; COVID-19; persistent syndrome; quality of life

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Susanto, A.D.; Isbaniah, F.; Pratomo, I.P.; Antariksa, B.; Samoedro, E.; Taufik, M.; Harinda, F.; Nurwidya, F. Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life of Persistent Symptoms of COVID-19 Syndrome in Indonesia. GERMS 2022, 12, 158-168. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1319

AMA Style

Susanto AD, Isbaniah F, Pratomo IP, Antariksa B, Samoedro E, Taufik M, Harinda F, Nurwidya F. Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life of Persistent Symptoms of COVID-19 Syndrome in Indonesia. GERMS. 2022; 12(2):158-168. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1319

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susanto, Agus Dwi, Fathiyah Isbaniah, Irandi Putra Pratomo, Budhi Antariksa, Erlang Samoedro, Muhammad Taufik, Fadlika Harinda, and Fariz Nurwidya. 2022. "Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life of Persistent Symptoms of COVID-19 Syndrome in Indonesia" GERMS 12, no. 2: 158-168. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1319

APA Style

Susanto, A. D., Isbaniah, F., Pratomo, I. P., Antariksa, B., Samoedro, E., Taufik, M., Harinda, F., & Nurwidya, F. (2022). Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life of Persistent Symptoms of COVID-19 Syndrome in Indonesia. GERMS, 12(2), 158-168. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1319

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